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AUTHOR: 


WETMORE  MONROE 


TITLE: 


PLAN  AND  SCOPE  OF 
A  VERGIL  LEXICON 

PLACE: 

NEW  HAVEN 

DA  TE : 

1904 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DEPARTMENT 


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Thesis--Yale  University. 


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MONUFOCTURED  TO  PIIM  STflNDORDS 
BY  APPLIED   IMAGE.    INC. 


The  Plan  and  Scope  of  a 

Vergil  Lexicon 


'tV 


WITH  SPECIMEN  ARTICLES 


BY 


MONROE  NICHOLS  WETMORE,  Ph.D. 


A  THESIS  PRESENTED  TO  THE  FACULTY  OF:,. THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF 
YALE   UNIVERSITY   IN   CANDIDACY   FOR   THE  DEGREE 
OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  AUTHOR 

NEW    HAVEN,   CONN. 

1904 


\ 


/" 


The  Plan  and  Scope  of  a 

Vergil  Lexicon 


WITH  SPECIMEN  ARTICLES 


BY 


MONROE  NICHOLS  WETMORE,  Ph.D, 


A  THESIS  PRESENTED  TO  THE  FACULTY  OF  THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF 
YALE  UNIVERSITY  IN   CANDIDACY  FOR  THE  DEGREE 
OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  AUTHOR 

NEW   HAVEN,  CONN. 

1904 


Contents. 


Ryder's  printing  house, 
new  haven,  conn. 


T    X      J        •  ^  PAGES 

1.  Introduction.    Causes  which  lead  to  the  making  of  special 

lexicons, 7.    8 

2.  Tables  and  dates  of  publication  of  certain   modern  special 

lexicons  in  which  various  methods  may  be  studied,  .        8-    9 

3.  General  consideration'  of  the  method,      .         .         .         ,.-      ,        9-28 

A.  The  ms.  readings, g_  ,q 

B.  Conjectures,  and  editions  used, 10 

C.  Spelling, '         *.       iQ.  II 

D.  Antiquarian  and  other  references,  ....              n 
R  Works  of  Vergil  included,     .       \        .        [        .         .11 

F.  Nature  of  entry.    Length  of  quotation,  .         .         .11-12 

G.  Explanatory  additions  of  the  editor,      ....  12 

H.    Proper  names, j^ 

I.  Articles  on  form,  pp.  12-13     a.  List  of  all  inflectional 

forms  with  all  references,  p.  Peculiarities  in  the 
way  of  omission  of  word-forms,  of  'suppletivwesen,' 
etc.  y.  Metrical  peculiarities,  such  as  position  in 
verse  when  noteworthy. 

J.    Lists  of  adjectives  and  genitives  used  with  nouns,  and 

adverbs  used  with  verbs, j, 

K.  Method  of  arranging  the  article.  Logical  or  formal 
arrangement  ? 

a.  Inconveniences  of  logical  arrangement :  i.  Sub- 
jectivity; 2.  Like  pointing  a  Hebrew  text  it  is 
a  step  in  interpretation,  .         .         .         .13-14 

0.  Example  of  logical  arrangement  of  the  article 

^«^'«^. 14-18 

y.  Remarks  on  this, 19-20 

8.  The  formal  arrangement  of  Merguet  illustrated 

by  fiuvius, 20-23 

c.  Remarks  on  this.    Changes  proposed  in  it  for 

the  i)resent  lexicon,     , 23-24 

{.  The  method  adopted  for  this  lexicon  illustrated 

by  nuvius, 24-  2S 


4  Contents 

PAGES 

4.     Reasons  for  selecting  the  words  given  in  the  specimen  articles,  29 

5  Summary  of  signs  and  abbreviations,' 30 

6.     Specimen  articles, 30-128 

I.  a.  A.  or  Ab, 30-4^ 

b.  Comment  on  it, 48-  49 

c.  A  logical  arrangement  of  A  or  Ab S^"  58 

d.  Comment  on  it, 58-  63 

II.  Amnis, 63-70 

III.  Flumen, 70-80 

IV.  Rivus, 80-83 

V.  The  Vergil ian  use  of  the  words  for  'river* : 

a.  Distribution  over  cases  and  numbers,          ...  83 

p.  Metrical  considerations, 83 

VI.  Gratnen,       .         . .84-87 

VII.  Herba, .87-94 

VIII.  Gratus, 94-97 

IX.  Scindere,  including  proscindere,           ....  97-  99 

X.  Videre,  pp.  99-125.    Conspectus  of  distribution  of  forms,  99-100 

XI.  Comment  on  the  verbs  given, 126-128 


Preface. 


This  little  book  is  intended  to  define  the  principles  in 
accordance  with  which  I  shall  work  in  preparing  a  complete 
Lexicon  to  the  Works  of  Vergil  and  to  illustrate  these  principles 
by  a  number  of  suitable  articles. 

There  are  two  ends  which  I  shall  constantly  keep  in  view 
until  the  work  is  finished :  to  make  the  lexicon  as  nearly  perfect 
as  possible  from  my  own  resources,  and  to  issue  it  in 
its  completed  form  within  five  years.  As  time  passes  between 
now  and  the  date  of  publication,  I  may  on  my  own  initiative 
modify  in  many  respects  the  plan  which  is  here  adopted.  I  shall 
certainly  welcome,  and  give  the  most  careful  consideration  to, 
all  criticisms  and  suggestions  from  scholars. 

Finally,  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  express  here  my  deep 
feeling  of  gratitude  to  Professor  Edward  P.  Morris,  L.H.D.,  and 
to  Professor  Hanns  Oertel,  Ph.D.,  for  their  assistance  in  per- 
fecting this  plan  and  for  their  encouragement  in  regard  to  the 
work  which  yet  remains  to  be  done. 

M.  N.  w. 
Williams  College,  Williamstown,  Mass., 
November,  1904. 


""^  *i 


The    Plan   and   Scope    of    a 
Vergil    Lexicon. 


I.  A  Lexicon  to  the  Works  of  Vergil  belongs  to  a  class  of 
monographs  which  is  of  comparatively  recent  origin.  It  was  on 
the  30th  of  April,  1864,  that  Ritschl  (Wolfflin's  Archiv,  V.,  p. 
584)  wrote  to  Halm:  "Ware  ich  ein  reicher  Mann,  ich  wurde 
Speziallexica  drucken  lassen."  Soon  after  this  we  see  that  the 
idea  had  taken  hold  on  the  minds  of  several  scholars.  The 
reason  why  Ritschl  and  others  about  this  time  began  to  feel  the 
need  of  special  lexicons  is  not  hard  to  see.  On  the  one  hand,  it 
was  then  that  the  modern  critical  editions  of  the  Latin  writers 
were  in  progress.  A  first-rate  lexicon  to  an  author  gives  an 
editor  or  critic  perfect  control  over  the  author's  use  of  words 
and  constructions.  Therefore,  even  if  a  special  lexicon  is 
not  an  absolute  necessity,  it  is  certainly  a  great  help  in  making 
an  edition,  critical  or  exegetical. 

Again,  the  desire  for  special  lexicons  was  felt  by  those 
scholars  who  were  interested  in  historical  syntax,  lexicography 
and  semantics.  In  these  lines  of  work,  too,  no  perfect  book  can 
be  written  until  all  the  Latin  writers  are  provided  with  lexicons. 
The  first  edition  of  Draeger's  great  work  on  historical  syntax 


t 

"i    'J 


'     >l 


I 


8 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


I 


H 


11 

'I 


!( 


was  published  in  1874.  Draeger  took  as  much  material  as  he 
could  from  his  predecessors  and  he  gathered  a  great  number 
of  examples  from  his  own  reading;  but  how  much  easier,  fuller 
and  more  valuable  his  work  would  have  been  if  he  could  have 
had  the  advantages  of  a  special  lexicon  to  every  Latin  author! 
Also  in  the  case  of  monographs  much  work  has  been  done  in 
compiling  statistics  concerning  the  uses  of  words  and  the  con- 
structions in  various  Latin  authors.  All  this  work  would  have 
been  rendered  more  simple  if  special  lexicons  had  been  in 
existence. 

2.  Passing  over  the  earlier  indexes  such  as  the  one  to  Vergil, 
which  is  given  in  the  Valpy  reprint  of  the  De'lphin  edition,  but 
which  a  test  will  show  to  be  very  incomplete,  it  will  be  useful  to 
review  some  of  the  standard  special  lexicons  of  our  own  period. 

Work  on  special  lexicons  to  Latin  authors  begins  with  H. 
Merguet^s  Lexicon  zu  den  Reden  des  Cicero,  the  first  fascicle 
of  which  was  published  at  Jena  in  1873,  and  the  work  was  com- 
pleted in  1884.     The  four  volumes  contain  3,500  quarto  pages. 

Merguefs  Lexicon  zu  den  Schriften  Caesar  und  seiner 
Fortsetzer  was  published  at  Jena  in  1886.  This  was  followed 
the  next  year  by  the  first  volume  of  the  same  editor's  Lexicon 
zu  den  Philosophischen  Schriften  des  Cicero,  which  was  completed 
by  the  third  volume  in  1894. 

Gerber  and  Greef's  Lexicon  Taciteum  began  to  appear  in 
fascicles  in  1877  at  Leipzig.  The  last  fascicle  was  issued  in 
the  summer  of  1903. 

S.  Preuss'  Vollstandiges  Lexikon  zu  den  pseudocasarianischen 
Schriftwerken  was  published  at  Erlangen  in  1884. 

H.  MeuseFs  Lexicon  Caesarianum  appeared  at  Berlin  in 
1884-1886. 

R.  Menge  and  S.  Preuss  published  a  Csesar  Lexicon  at 
Leipzig  in  1885-1886. 

One  volume  of  a  Lexicon  Livianum  by  F.  Fugner  was 
issued  at  Leipzig  in  1897,  but  the  publishers  now  announce  that 
the  other  volumes  of  this  excellent  work  will  not  appear. 

Segebade  and  Lommatzsch's  Lexicon  Petronianum  was  pub- 
lished at  Leipzig  in  1898. 

^  In  the  early  eighties  Mr.  J.  H.  Onions  tried  to  prepare  a 
Plautus  Lexicon,  but  before  he  had  gone  far  with  his  work  he 
found  that  the  text  was  still  in  too  bad  a  condition  to  warrant 
his  continuing. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon.  n 

The  first  fascicle  of  a  Lexique  de  Plaute  was  published  in 
1900  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  J.  P.  Waltzing  of  Liege. 
Since  then  a  second  fascicle  has  appeared. 

The  first  fascicle  of  a  Lexicon  Plautinum,  by  Prof.  G.  Lodge, 
was  published  at  Leipzig  in  1901,  and  since  then  two  other 
fascicles  have  appeared. 

These  special  lexicons  are  referred  to  here  in  order  to  show 
what  has  already  been  done  in  this  line  and  also  for  the  following 
reason :  It  is  proposed  in  this  thesis  to  discuss  the  methods  used 
in  these  various  lexicons,  considering  the  advantages  and  dis- 
advantages of  each,  and  on  the  basis  of  such  a  study  to  lay  down 
the  plan  of  a  special  lexicon  to  Vergil. 

3.  Leaving  aside  minor  points  for  which  methods  may  vary 
according  to  diflFerent  authors  indexed,  there  are  some  general 
questions  which  afifect  any  lexicon  of  this  kind.  These  I  propose 
now  to  discuss. 

A.     First,  as  to  mss.     Of  the  more  important  lexicons  men- 
tioned above,  those  by  Merguet  and  by  Gerber  and  Greef  rarely 
give  variants,  while  those  by  Meusel  and  by  Lodge 
Readings    give    practically    all    the    ms.    readings.     This    was    a 
of  mss.       particularly  hard  task  for  Meusel,  who  complains  in 

his  preface   of  the  lack  of  good  critical   editions  of 
Caesar. 

The  mss.  of  no  author,  either  Greek  or  Latin,  are  superior  to 
those  of  Vergil.  There  are  three  mss.,  practicallv  complete, 
which  were  written  not  later  than  the  sixth  century.  There  is 
a  wealth  of  other  ms.  material,  and  in  general  there  is  a  remark- 
able agreement  in  the  reading  of  these  mss.  It  is,  therefore, 
always  easy  to  make  a  readable  text  of  the  acknowledged  works 
of  Vergil.  To  give  all  the  ms.  readings,  therefore,  would  not 
be  a  very  difficult  task.  The  following  consideration,  however, 
leads  me  not  to  load  the  pages  by  recording  all  ms.  variants! 
While  Vergil  is  fortunate  in  his  mss.,  he  is  also  fortunate  in 
havmg  one  of  the  best  editions  with  a  critical  apparatus  yet 
published  for  any  Latin  author.  Every  scholar  who  takes  any 
especial  interest  in  Vergil  has  a  copy  of  Ribbeck's  edition  of 
Vergil,  containing  the  critical  apparatus,  and  to  repeat  in  the 
lexicon  all  that  Ribbeck  gives  in  his  footnotes  appears  a  waste 
of  space  and  time. 

Still,  any  one  who  uses  a  lexicon  has  a  right  to  expect  that, 
if  there  is  any  uncertainty  in  the  text  of  the  passage  quoted,  a 
warning  to  that  eflPect  will  be  given.     The  method  followed  will 


It 


ii 


10 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


therefore  be:  Ribbeck's  text-edition  of  Vergil  (Leipzig,  B.  G. 
Teubner,  1895)  is  made  the  basis  of  this  lexicon;  but,  Wherever 
the  best'mss.  fail  to  agree,  the  discrepancy  will  be  marked  with 
a  dagger  (obelisk)t.  Occasionally,  when  one  good  ms.  fails  to 
agree  with  the  others,  it  may  possibly  become  advisable  to  note 
this  reading  in  parenthesis  <  >.  In  such  cases  the  mss.  will,  of 
course,  be  referred  to  as  in  Ribbeck. 

B.     Second,  in  regard  to  conjectures.     On  the  admission  of 
conjectures  the  more  important  lexicons  are  divided  just  as  they 

are  on  the  question  of  mss.     Merguet,  and  Gerber 
Conjectures    and   Greef   rarely   give   conjectures,   while   Meusel 
and  editions'    and  Lodge  give  all  that  have  appeared  in  any  of 
used.  the  great  editions  of  their  authors.     Meusel  takes 

conjectures  even  from  periodical  literature. 
The  mass  of  literature,  bearing  upon  Vergil's  works  from 
the  days  of  Verrius  Flaccus  to  our  own,  is  enormous ;  the  con- 
jectures of  Peerlkamp  alone  are  counted  by  the  hundred.     It  is 
clearly  impossible  to  take  most  of  these  into  consideration.     On 
the  other  hand,  it  is  much  to  be  desired  that  a  special  lexicon 
should  not  be  confined  to  a  single  text,  but  it  should  be   so 
arranged  that  it  can.be  used  with  any  one  of  the  leading  editions. 
I  propose,  therefore,  to  give  the  variants  of  the  text  as  found  in 
the  latest  edition   of  Ladewig    (BerHn,    1891)    and   Conington 
(London,  Bucolics  and  Georgics  revised  by  Haverfield  in  1898; 
Aeneid  I.-VI.  revised  by  Nettleship  in  1884;  Aeneid  VII.-XIL, 
1883)  for  the  greater  works  of  Vergil;  Gossrau  (Quedlinburg, 
1876)  for  the  Aeneid,  and  Benoist  (Paris,  1876-1880)  and  Thilo 
(Leipzig,  1886)  in  addition  to  Ribbeck  for  the  whole  of  Vergil, 
except  the  Lydia,  the  Dirae  and  one  or  two  of  the  Catalepta,  for 
•  which  I  shall  use  Ribbeck  alone.     Most,  if  not  all,  other  editors 
in  making  up  their  editions  follow  the  text  of  one  of  these  six 
great    editions.     The    abbreviations    will    be    as    follows:     Rb., 
Ribbeck;  Con.,  Conington;  Ld.,  Ladewig;  Ben.,  Benoist;  Th., 
Thilo;  Cos.,  Gossrau.     In  such  cases  the  passage  will  be  entered 
both  under  the  word  which  is  found  in  the  mss.  and  under  the 
word  substituted  by  the  conjecture. 

C.     Spelling,  even  in  Vergil,  is  a  difficult  problem.     No  two 
of  the  great  editions  agree  entirely  in  this  matter,  though  the 

tendency  to  follow  the  mss.  is  growing. 
Spelling.  The  standard  works  on  forms  and  spellings,  Neue- 

Wagener,    Brambach,    and   Lindsay,   also   the   special 
works  on  the  spelling  of  Vergil  in  the  Heyne- Wagner  edition  of 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


II 


Antiquarian 
and  other 
references. 


Vergil,  vol.  V.,  p.  381  ff.,  Orthographia  Vergiliana,  and  Ribbeck's 
article  in  his  prolegg.,  p.  23  iff.,  De  scriptura  codicum  antiquissi- 
morum,  are  well  known  and  easy  of  access,  so  that  references  to 
them  under  any  particular  word  do  not  seem  necessary.  It 
seemed  best,  therefore,  not  to  give  any  references  on  this  subject 
but  to  adopt  the  spellings  as  found  in  Ribbeck's  text-edition, 
since  that  is  the  basis  of  this  lexicon. 

D.  Meusel  in  his  Caesar  Lexicon  under  the  word  pons  gives 
several  references  to  articles  on  the  bridge  buih  by  Caesar  across ' 

the  Rhine.  He  has  many  other  references  of  this 
sort,  the  result  of  a  careful  digest  of  books  and 
pamphlets  and  much  periodical  literature.  But 
after  he  had  begun  to  publish  his  work,  he  became 
so  impressed  with  the  incompleteness  of  these 
references  that  he  abandoned  the  idea  in  some  of  the  later  fasci- 
cles; although  still  later  he  returned  to  his  original  plan. 

It  would  not  be  difficult  to  give  many  such  references  on 
various  matters  in  Vergil,  but  as  hardly  any  one  would  think 
of  going  to  a  lexicon  for  such  information  as  this,  and  as  biblio- 
graphies and  editions  would  furnish  information  of  this  kind 
with  far  greater  completeness  than  could  be  here  attained,  I  shall 
give  no  references  to  such  matters. 

E.  The  lexicon  must,  of  course,  include  the  Bucolics,  the 
Georgics,  and  the  Aeneid.     As  to  the  shorter  poems,  it  did  not 

seem  advisable  to  enter  here  upon  the  question 
Works  of  Ver-  of  their  authenticity.  With  the  exception  of  two 
gil  included.         or  three  ( such  as  the  fine  little  parody  of  Catullus' 

fourth  poem  and  the  short  poem  in  which  he  bids 
the  muses  a  temporary  farewell,  when  about  to  enter  the  school 
of  Siron  the  Epicurean)  scholars  diflFer  greatly.  However,  since 
they  contain  but  little  more  than  1600  verses,  the  inclusion  of 
them  will  not  greatly  increase  the  size  of  the  lexicon.  The  ab- 
breviations are:  E.,  Eclogues;  G.,  Georgics;  A.,  Aeneid;  Cu., 
Culex;  Ci.,  Ciris;  Co.,  Copa;  M.,  Moretum;  Ca.,  Catalepton;  D., 
Dirae;  L.,  Lydia. 

F.  In  every  instance  enough  of  the  context  will  be  given  to 
enable  the  reader  to  form  a  complete  and  correct  idea  of  the  use 

and  meaning  of  the  word.  For  example,  in  the  case 
Length  of  of  a  verb  its  meaning  and  syntax  will  be  shown  by 
quotations,   giving  as  much  as  is  necessary  of  the  clause  on  which 

it  depends,  as  well  as  of  the  clause  in  which  it  stands. 
In  the  case  of  a  relative  it  must  be  clearly  seen  to  what  it  refers, 


\-i'i 


12 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


Explanatory 
additions  of 
the  editor. 


and  in  the  case  of  a  conjunction  it  must  be  shown  what  two  things 
are  connected.  So  in  all  cases  full,  rather  than  meager,  quota- 
tions will  be  given.  But  wherever  any  words  in  the  text  are 
not  necessary  in  order  to  understand  the  use  of  the  word  under 
discussion,   they   will   be   omitted    and   such    omissions    will   be 

indicated  by  dots. 

In  this  matter  I  shall  follow  the  example  of  Merguet,  Meusel 
and  Lodge,  rather  than  that  of  Gerber  and  Greef,  whose  brevity 
often  compels  the  reader  to  refer  to  the  original  in  order  to 
discover  the  exact  meaning  and  syntax  of  a  word. 

G.  Occasionally  it  may  seem  advisable  for  the  editor  to  make 
a  slight  explanatory  addition,  in  order  that  the  meaning  of  the 

passage  may  be  seen  without  looking  up  the  refer- 
ence. For  example,  under  ab  in  A.  I.  no.  tris 
might  not  be  understood,  so  I  have  given  the 
quotation  thus:  [navis]  tris  Euriis  ab  alto  in 
brevia  et  syrtis  urgiiet.  All  additions  of  such  a 
nature  will  be  enclosed  in  square  brackets. 

H.  Meusel  and  Lodge  give  all  proper  names,  though  such 
articles  in  MeuseFs  lexicon  are  often  little  more  than  indexes. 
The  other  editors  do  not  give  proper  names  at  all,  for 
Proper  the  reason  that  there  are  already  lists  of  proper  names 
names,  for  nearly  all  Latin  authors.  But  a  mere  index  is  not 
sufficient.  If  the  lexicon  is  to  give  a  true  and  complete 
picture  of  Vergilian  usage,  it  ought  to  include  proper  names, 
because  they  also  play  their  syntactical  part.  Therefore,  proper 
names  will  be  treated  here  like  other  words. 

I.  Articles  on  form  to  show  at  a  glance  just  what  forms  of 
a  word  are  used  by  the  author  are  given  occasionally  and  very 
briefly  by  Fiigner,  but  Lodge  has  such  an  article  under 
Articles  every  word  that  occurs  often  enough  to  make  a  para- 
on  form,  graph  in  the  lexicon  of  considerable  length.  If  a  word 
occurs  no  more  than  ten  or  twelve  times,  it  would  not 
be  worth  while  to  give  an  article  on  form,  for  one  could  get  the 
information  in  a  moment  from  the  examples  themselves.  Such 
articles  do  not  appear  in  the  other  lexicons,  except  in  MeuseFs, 
where  they  are  given  under  a  few  words,  for  example,  ab. 

To  be  sure,  all  the  information  contained  in  these  articles  is 
to  be  found  in  the  body  of  the  article,  yet  the  saving  of  time  by 
these  summaries  seemed  considerable  enough  to  add  an  article 
on  form  to  most  words. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


13 


In  this  same  paragraph,  wherever  such  a  thing  is  necessary, 
will  be  a  brief  mention  of  any  peculiarity,  either  in  declension  or 
otherwise,  of  a  word.  For  example,  "abs  does  not  occur." 
Again,  if  it  proves,  for  instance,  that  Vergil  does  not  use  the 
dative  of  a  certain  word,  or  if  he  uses  one  of  two  or  three 
synonyms  only  in  certain  cases  while  using  the  others  in  the 
other  cases,  the  usage  being  cleariy  marked,  this  fact  will  be 
stated. 

Also,  if  it  can  be  shown  that  in  all  instances  but  two  or  three 
the  poet  puts  certain  forms  like  gramina,  Humine,  or  iiuniina,  in 
the  fifth  foot,  while  amnem  and  herbas  occur  in  the  sixth  foot, 
that  fact  will  be  stated. 

A  certain  amount  of  freedom  as  to  what  should  be  and  what' 
should  not  be  inserted  here  must  be  granted  to  the  editor. 

J.  Meusel  and  Lodge  regulariy  give  at  the  end  of  the  dis- 
cussion of  a  substantive  of  frequent  occurrence  a  list  of  the  ad- 
jectives and  genitives  used  with  this  substantive,  and 
Lists  of  ad-  at  the  end  of  an  article  on  a  verb  a  list  of  the  adverbs 
jcctives  and  modifying  this  verb.  In  none  of  the  other  important 
adverbs.         lexicons  do  such  articles  appear. 

Although  this  information,  too,  could  be  obtained 
from  the  examples  themselves,  for  the  greater  convenience  of 
the  reader  this  lexicon  will  give  such  articles  in  all  instances 
where  the  number  of  examples  is  large  enough  to  make  it  worth 
while. 

K.     We  come  now  to  the  most  important  question  of  all: 
Shall  we  arrange  the  examples  according  to  the  logical  or  the 

formal  method?  This  is  a  question  of  vital  im- 
Method  of  portance,  in  comparison  with  which  all  others,  even 
arrangement     in  regard  to  mss.  and  conjectures,  are  secondary. 

A  very  suggestive  criticism  of  the  logical 
method  is  given  in  the  American  Journal  of  Philology,  XXIII. 
(1902)  2,  p.  213,  by  E.  W.  Fay,  in  regard  to  Lodge's  Lexicon 
Plautinum :  "It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  classification,  how- 
ever delightful  a  mental  exercise,  is  but  a  concession  to  the 
inherent  mental  shortcomings  of  the  human  being.  Hardly  any 
two  will  agree  where  it  is  necessary  to  stop  in  classification." 
Doubtless  Professor  Fay  had  read  in  Merguet's  preface  that 
"  .  .  .  die  sonst  iibliche  Gruppirung  nach  den  verschiedenen 
Bedeutungen  eines  Wortes  nicht  nur  vielfach  mehr  oder  minder 
von  subjectiver  AuflFassung  abhangig  ist."  Similarly  Meusel 
says : 


H 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


*^Sed  alia  etiam  multa  in  hoc  lexico  insunt,  quae  nee  mihi 
probantur  et  aliis  sine  dubio  displicebunt.  Ex  his  non  pauca  ita 
comparata  sunt,  ut,  quoniam  in  ipsius  rei  natura  posita  est  dif- 
ficultas,  a  nullo  ita  possint  tractari,  uti  omni  vituperatione  careant. 
Nam  et  dispositio  saepe  non  nihil  habet  incommodi  et  multi  loci 
tales  sunt,  ut  iure  liceat  dubitare,  utrum  haec  an  ilia  vis  ac  notio 
certse  cuidam  voci  tribuenda  sit.  Haud  raro  uno  duobusve  locis 
adductus  voces,  quas  iam  absoluisse  mihi  videbar,  retractavi 
planeque  immutavi,  nihilo  minus  autem  mihi  ipsi   satis   facere 

non  potui." 

The  great  variety  of  purposes,  also,  for  which  a  lexicon  article 
may  be  consulted  may  make  one  scholar's  arrangement  along 
logical  lines  almost  useless  to  another,  because  the  logical  method 
is  necessarily  subjective.  The  editor  is  often  obliged  to  give 
his  own  interpretation  to  the  passage  and  with  this  not  all  scholars 
can  agree.^  Like  pointing  a  Hebrew  text,  it  is  a  step  in  the 
interpretation  of  the  passage. 

In  view  of  these  general  considerations  and  the  fact  that  the 
use  of  the  lexicon  for  historical  grammar  and  textual  criticism  is 
of  prime  importance,  it  seemed  best  to  adopt  a  formal  plan  of 
arrangement,  so  that,  as  is  the  case  in  Merguet's  volumes,  it  may 
be  seen  instantly  whether  a  certain  word  or  combination  of  words 
or  a  certain  form  occur  at  all,  and  if  so  with  what  frequency. 

To  show  how  difficult  or  impossible  the  logical  method  of 
division  in  Vergil  would  be,  I  give  at  this  point  the  examples  of 
one  word  arranged  according  to  this  method. 

Fluvius.     I.     Sing.:  A.  Propr,,  a  stream,  a  river,  running 

water, 

a.  In  app,: 
explorant :  haec  fontis  stagna  Numici, 
hunc  Thybrim  fluvium,  hie  fortis  habitare  Latinos. 

A.  Vn.  151. 

'In  some  instances  no  scholar  can  say  that  he  knows  the  mean- 
ing of  a  word.  Instances  can  be  cited  in  Vergil  where  scholars  can- 
not be  sure  whether  the  word  is  dative  or  ablative,  e.g.,  misero,  A. 
II.  738,  and  toro,  A.  IV.  691.  Again,  who  can  tell  what  kind  of  an 
abl,  is  custode,  A.  III.  221  ?  J.  W.  Mackail  in  his  essay  on  Vergil  in  Eng- 
lish Verse  says :  "And  alongside  of  this  is  the  other  fact,  which  must 
always  be  the  despair  of  a  translator,  that  Vergil  has  a  greater  power 
than  any  other  poet  ever  has  had  of  saturating  his  language  with 
second  meanings,  as  some  precious  stones  are  full  of  under  lights." 


dico  : 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 
p,  Ob  jr. 


IS 


turn  reges  asperque  immani  corpore  Thybris, 
a  quo  post  Itali  fluvium  cognomine  Thybrim 
diximus. 


mno: 


A.  Vin.  331. 


pontem  auderet  quia  vellere  Codes 
et  fluvium  vinclis  innaret  Clcelia  ruptis. 


A.  Vin.  651. 


lenio : 

Thybris  ea  fluvium,  quam  longa  est,  nocte  tumentem 

l«n"t.  A.  Vin.  86. 

peto : 

Tumus  paulatim  excedere  pugnat 
et  fluvium  petere  ac  partem,  quae  cingitur  undat. 

A.  IX.  790. 
relinquo : 

progress!  subeunt  luco  fluviumque  relincunt. 

A.  VIII.  125. 


do: 


y.  Dat,: 

at  Metabus  ... 

dat  sese  fluvio  atque  hastam  cum  virgine  victor 

gramineo  donum  Triviae  de  caespite  vellitt. 


proicio: 

donee  vi  victus  et  ipso 
pondere  defecit  praedamque  ex  unguibus  ales 
proiecit  fluvio  penitusque  in  nubila  fugit. 

succedo : 

flectere  iter  sociis  terraeque  advertere  proras 
imperat  et  laetus  fluvio  succedit  opaco. 


A.  XI.  565. 


A.  XII.  256. 


A.  VII.  36. 


h.  Gen.: 

apparet  Camerina  procul  campique  Geloi 
immanisque  Gela  fluvii  cognomine  dicta. 


A.  III.  702. 


i6 


The  Plan  and  Scope 

c.  AbL: 
huic  deus  ipse  loci  fluvio  Tiberinus  amceno 
populeas  inter  senior  se  attollere  frondes 

visus   ... 

turn  sic  adfari  et  curas  his  demere  dictis. 

tantum  effata  caput  glauco  contexit  amictu 
multa  gemens  et  se  fluvio  dea  condidit  alto. 

hunct  procul  errantem  rabidse  venantis  luli 
commovere  canes,  fluvio  cum  forte  secundo 
deflueret  ripaque  sestus  viridante  levarett. 

nulla  religio  vetuit  ... 

balantumque  gregem  fluvio  mersare  salubri. 

miratur  nemus  insuetum  fulgentia  longe 
scuta  virum  fluvio  pictasque  innare  carinas. 

hunc  inter  fluvio  Tiberinus  amceno 
verticibus  rapidis  et  multa  flavos  harena 
in  mare  prorumpit. 

f.  With  prep,: 
tum  demum  praeceps  saltu  sese  omnibus  armis 
in  fluvium  dedit. 

B.     The  River  God,    a.  Suhj.: 
condo : 

dixit,  deinde  lacu  fluvius  se  condidit  alto 

ima  petens. 
dico:     vid.  condo, 

p.  Noni.=voc.,  or  pred.  nom.: 

semper  celebrabere  donis, 
comiger  hesperidum  fluvius  regnator  aquarum. 


A.  VIII.  31. 


A.  XII.  886. 


A.  VII.  494. 


G.  I.  272. 


A.  VIII.  93. 


A.  VII.  30. 


A.  IX.  816. 


A.  VIII.  66. 


A.  VIII.  77' 


C.     A  River  in  the  Lower  World. 

a.  Dat,: 
ergo  iter  inceptum  peragunt  fluvioque  propinquant 
navita  quos  iam  inde  ut  Stygia  prospexitt  ab  unda. 


ad: 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 

p.  With  prep.: 

has  omnis,  ubi  miUe  rotam  volvere  per  annos, 
Lethaeumt  ad  fluvium  deus  evocat  agmine  magno. 


17 


trans : 


A.  VI.  384. 


A.  VI.  749. 

tandem  trans  fluvium  incolumis  vatemque  virumque 
informi  limo  glaucaque  exponit  in  ulva.  A.  VI.  415. 

D.    A  Stream  for  Irrigation,  ' 

a.  Obj,: 

deinde  satis  fluvium  inducit  rivosque  sequentist. 

G.  I.  106. 
E.     Water. 

a.  In  app.: 
[of  Proteus] 
ille  suae  contra  non  immemor  artis 
omnia  transformat  sese  in  miracula  rerum, 
ignemque  horribilemque  feram  fluviumque  liquentem. 

G.  IV.  442. 
2.    Plur,:      A.  Propr,: 

o.  Subj,: 
curro : 

in  f reta  dum  fluvii  current,  dum  montibus  umbrae 
lustrabunt  ... 

semper  honos  nomenque  tuum  laudesque  manebunt. 

A.  I.  607. 

sentio : 

tunc  alnos  primum  fluvii  sensere  cavatas. 

G.  I.  136. 

p,  Obj.: 
amo: 

dum  iuga  montis  aper,  fluvios  dum  piscis  amabit,  .   .   . 
semper  honos  nomenque  tuum  laudesque  manebunt. 

E.  V.  76. 

mno : 

exactis  gravidae  cum  mensibus  errant, 
non  illas  gravibus  quisquam  iuga  ducere  plaustris, 
non  saltut  superaret  viam  sit  passus  et  acrit 
carpere  prata  fuga  fluviosque  innare  rapacis. 

G.  III.  142. 


il 


i 


I 


i 


i8 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


tempto:  [pullus] 

primus  et  ire  viam  et  fluvios  temptaret  minantist 
audet  et  ignoto  sese  committere  pontit, 
nee  vanos  horret  strepitus. 


G.  III.  n^ 


y,  Dat: 
haec  se  carminibus  promittitt  solvere  mentes  .    .    . 
sistere  aquam  fluviis  et  vertere  sidera  retro. 

A.  IV.  489. 

8.  Gen,: 

nympha,  decus  fluviorum,  animo  gratissima 

<M  carissima  P  R>  nostro, 

scis  ut  te  cunctis  unam  .    .    .  praetulerim. 

A.  XII.  142. 

proluit  insano  contorquens  vertice  silvas 

fluviorum  rex  Eridanus,  camposque  per  omnes 

cum  stabulis  armenta  tulit.  G.  I.  482. 


€.  Abl: 
dulcibus  idcirco  fluviis  pecus  omne  magistri 
perfundunt,  udi§que  aries  in  gurgite  villis 
mersatur  missusque  secundo  defluit  amni. 

i.  With  prep.: 


G.  III.  445- 


in: 


fraxinus  in  silvist  pulcherrima,  pinus  in  hortis, 

populus  in  fluviis.  E.  VII.  00. 


B.     Water,    a.  Obj.: 


amo: 


hinc  et  amant  fluvios  magis,  et  magis  ubera  tendunt 
et  salis  occultum  referunt  in  lacte  saporem. 


G.  III.  396. 


ministro:  [for  the  stallion] 

florentisque  secant  herbas  fluviosque  ministrant 
farraque,  ne  blando  nequeatt  superesse  labori 
invalidique  patrum  referant  ieiunia  nati. 

prabeo: 

.  post  hinc  digressus  iubeo  frondentia  capris' 
arbuta  sufficere  et  fluvios  prgebere  recentis. 


G.  III.  126. 


G.  III.  301. 


I 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon.  ,^ 

areT.  "f  "^''''f  "?  ^'"'*  "^  ^  ^°""d-  The  meanings 
are,  as  a  ru  e,  perfectly  clear,  for  example,  in  G.  I.  272  •    nJla 

shall  be  said  about  G.  I.  io6:  deinde  satis  Auvium  inducit  rivos- 
que  seguennsff  Does  fluvius  here  mean  'a  river,  'a  rill."  st"^ 
for  .rngation,'  or  simply  'water'?  Still  more  difficult  th^  ST 
what  was  Vergil's  idea  of  Huvius  in  the  passage  desTritoS 
Proteus'  transformations?    ille  .   .   .  ,ransfornu.t^seseT^r!- 

U  IV.  442.    Is  It  a  'nver,'  'running  water,'  or  'water'? 

Agam,  m  G.  III.  396:    hinc  et  amant  fluvios  magis,  et  maeis 

W?1rr 'm  '^T%'"""  '^"^  "^^^^•'  'the'st;eams,''^ 
water-?    In  G.  III.  126:    Aorentisque  secant  herbas  Auviosaue 

ZZITJZ'T'  :S^^™^^'"^  -  -^^-^  that  the  grass  and  the 
Xr       M  '"'  T*^  ?^  '"^  '^'  ^'""'^  '"  ^^  ^tall,  but  this  does 

Z  Zu^T^  '7^  '^"'  '^  '^"*^^'  '^  "'^^^'^^  t°  ^  <^™d  to 
the  stall.    The  stalhon  might  equally  well  be  led  down  to  the 

doubtful  m  G.  III.  301. :    iuteo  frondentia  capris  ar^a  suMcere 
et  mvtos  praehere  recentis. 

w.n  ^'?r*-  ^"^  "'''f  ^""'^  ^•'"''^  ^"^  ^^^"^  this  purpose  as 
well.  Fluvxus  was  chosen  at  random,  but  probably  herha  would 
have  shown  a  greater  number  of  doubtful  cases.  It  is  often 
.mposs.bIe  to  decide  whether  herba  means  'grass'  or  'com,'  or 
weeds,  or  any  kmd  of  growth'  including  bushes.  So,  too,  in 
the  case  of  vrdeor,  there  are  several  places  where  it  seems  im- 
possible to  determine  whether  the  meaning  is  'to  seem'  or  the 
real  passive 'to  be  seen.'    For  example, 

nunc  terras  ordine  longo 
aut  capere  aut  captas  iam  respectare  videntur. 
haec  dum  Dardanio  Aeneae  miranda  videntur. 
tum  vero  omne  mihi  visum  considere  in  ignis 
Ilium. 

hie  primum  nova  lux  oculis  offulsit  et  ingens 
visus  ab  Aurora  caelum  transcurrere  nimbus 
Idaeique  chori. 

Therefore,  since  we  find  a  few  cases  with  indefinite  meanings 
in  so  many  words  in  Vergil,  the  inconveniences  of  a  logiil 
arrangement  seem  to  outweigh  its  possible  advantages,  however 
much  some  may  prefer  this  system  of  arrangement  in  the  case  of 


I' 


A.  I.  396. 
A.  I.  494. 

A.  II.  624. 


A.  IX.  III. 


i    It] 


■  »:i 

■  -''I 


•' 


20 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


an  author  so  clear  and  precise  in  the  use  of  his  words  as  Caesar,  for 

example.  i.     r         i 

Having  reached  this  conclusion,  namely,  to  adopt  the  formal 
method,  for  the  various  reasons  given  above,  it  was  my  intention 
to  follow  Merguet's  system  exactly.  So  I  arranged  the  examples 
of  nuvius  as  I  thought  Merguet  would  arrange  them,  as  follows : 

Fluvius,  a  stream,  a  river,  running  water,  water. 

A.    Sing.:    I.    Subject: 

condo : 

dixit,  deinde  lacu  fluvius  se  condidit  alto, 

ima  petens. 


A.  VIII.  66. 


II.    After  verbs:    i.  Accus,:    a.  Ohj,: 


dico: 


turn  reges  asperque  immani  corpore  Thybris, 
a  quo  post  Itali  fluvium  cc^omine  Thybrim 
diximus.  A.  VIII.  331. 


induco : 

deinde  satis  fluvium  inducit  rivosque  sequentis. 


G.  I.  106. 


mno: 


\\:' 


pontem  auderet  quia  vellere  Cocles 
et  fluvium  vinclis  innaret  Cloelia  ruptis.  A.  VIII.  651. 


lenio : 


Thvbris  ea  fluvium,  quam  longa  est,  nocte  tumentem 

1  Jit.  A.  VIII.  86. 


peto: 


Tumus  paulatim  excedere  pugna 
et  fluvium  petere  ac  partem,  quae  cingitur  unda. 


A.  IX.  790. 


relinquo: 

progressi  subeimt  luco  fluviumque  relincunt.       A.  VIII.  125. 

p.  App.: 

explorant :    haec  fontis  stagna  Numici, 
hunc  Thybrim  fluvium,  hie  fortis  habitare  Latinos. 

A.  VII.  151. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


21 


do: 


2.    Dat.: 


at  Metabus  ... 

dat  sese  fluvio  atque  hastam  cum  virgine  victor 

gramineo  donum  Triviae  de  caespite  vellit.  A.  XL  565. 

proicio : 

donee  vi  victus  et  ipso 

pondere  defecit  praedamque  ex  unguibus  ales 

proiecit  fluvio  penitusque  in  nubila  fugit.  A.  XII.  256. 

propinquo :  • 

ergo  iter  inceptum  peragunt  fluvioque  propinquant. 

navita  quos  iam  inde  ut  Stygia  prospexit  ab  unda. 

succedo:  A.  VL  384. 

flectere  iter  sociis  terraeque  advertere  proras 
imperat  et  laetus  fluvio  succedit  opaco.  A.  VII.  36. 


ad: 


3.     With  prep.:    a.  Simply: 

has  omnis,  ubi  mille  rotam  volvere  per  annos, 
Lethaeum  ad  fluvium  deus  evocat  agmine  magno. 


in: 


A.  VI.  749. 

turn  demum  praeceps  saltu  sese  omnibus  armis 
in  fluvium  dedit.  a.  IX.  816. 

trans : 

tandem  trans  fluvium  incolumis  vatemque  virumque 
informi  limo  glaucaque  exponit  in  ulva.  A.  VI.  415. 

p.  In  app.: 
ille  suae  contra  non  immemor  artis 
omnia  transformat  sese  in  miracula  rerum, 
ignemque  horritilemque  feram  fluviumque  liquentem. 

G.  IV.  442. 
III.    Nom.=voc.,  or  pred.  nom.: 

semper  celebrabere  dcMiis, 
comiger  hesperidum  fluvius  regnator  aquarum. 

A.  VIIL  77. 
IV.    After  subst.: 

apparet  Camerina  procul  campique  Geloi 

immanisque  Gela  fluvii  cognomine  dicta.  A.  III.  702. 


22 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


1 1 


I ,; 


ir 


A.  VIII.  31. 
A.  XII.  886. 

A.  VII.  494. 

A.  VIII.  93. 

G.  I.  272. 

A.  VII.  30. 


V.     Circumstance: 

huic  deus  ipse  loci  fluvio  Tiberinus  amoeno 
populeas  inter  senior  se  attollere  f  rondes 
visus  ...  ^ 

turn  sic  adfari  et  curas  his  demere  dictis. 
tantum'effata  caput  glauco  contexit  amictu 
multa  gemens  et  se  fluvio  dea  condidit  alto, 
hunc  procul  errantem  rabidae  venantis  luli 
commovere  canes,  fluvio  cum  forte  secundo 
dcHueret  ripaque  sestus  viridante  levaret. 
miratur  nemus  insuetum  fulgentia  longe 
scuta  virum  fluvio  pictasque  innare  carinas, 
nulla  religio  vetuit  .    .    . 
balantumque  gregem  fluvio  mersare  salubri. 
hunc  inter  fluvio  Tiberinus  amceno 
verticibus  rapidis  et  multa  flavos  harena 
in  mare  prorumpit 

B.  Plur.:    I.  Subj\: 
curro : 

in  freta  dum  fluvii  current,  dum  montibus  umbrae 

lustrabunt  ...  A.  I.  607. 

sentio : 

tunc  alnos  primum  fluvii  sensere  cavatas.  G.  I.  136. 

11.  After  verbs:    i.  Accus.: 
amo: 

dum  iuga  montis  aper,  fluvios  dum  piscis  amabit,  .    .    . 
semper  honos  nomenque  tuum  laudesque  manebunt. 

E.  V.  76. 

hinc  et  amant  fluvios  magis,  et  magis  ubera  tendunt 

et  salis  occultum  referunt  in  lacte  saporem.  G.  III.  396. 

inno: 

exactis  gravidae  cum  mensibus  errant, 

non  illas  gravibus  quisquam  iuga  ducere  plaustris, 

non  saltu  superare  viam  sit  passus  et  acri 

carpere  prata  fuga  fluviosque  innare  rapacis. 

ministro :  [  for  the  stallion  ] 

florentisque  secant  herbas  fluviosque  ministrant 

farraque. 

praebeo : 

post  hinc  digressus  iubeo  f rondentia  capris 
arbuta  sufiicere  et  fluvios  prsebere  recentis. 


G.  III.  142. 


G.  III.  126. 


G.  III.  301 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 

^^^P^o:  [pullus] 

primus  et  ire  viam  et  fluvios  temptare  minantis 
audet  et  ignoto  sese  committere  ponti, 
nee  vanos  horret  strepitus. 

2.  Dat.: 
haec  se  carminibus  promittit  solvere  mentes  .   . 
sistere  aquam  fluviis  et  vertere  sidera  retro. 

III.  After  substantives: 
nympha,  decus  fluviorum,  animo  gratissima 

<M  carissima  P  R>  nostro, 
scis  ut  te  cunctis  unam  .    .    .  praetulerim. 
proluit  insano  contorquens  vertice  silvas 
fluviorum  rex  Eridanus,  camposque  per  omnes 
cum  stabulis  armenta  tulit. 

IV.  Circumstance:    i.  Ablat: 
dulcibus  idcirco  fluviis  pecus  omne  magistri 
perfundunt,  udisque  aries  in  gurgite  villis 
mersatur  missusque  secundo  defluit  amni. 


23 


G.  III.  77. 


A.  IV.  489. 


A.  XII.  142. 


G.  I.  482. 


G.  III.  445. 


2.  With  prep,: 

fraxinus  in  silvis  pulcherrima,  pinus  in  hortis, 

populus  in  fluviis.  ^  yjj   ^ 

This  particular  word  Vergil  does  not  happen  to  use  in  the 
accusative  as  the  subject  of  an  infinitive,  but,  if  he  had  done  so, 
these  examples  would  have  been  intermingled  with  the  nomi- 
native under  the  heading  I.  Subf. 

The  heading  II.  After  verbs,  with  its  subheadings  i.  Accus., 
2.  Dat,,  3.  With  prep,,  seems  confusing  and  capable  of  improve- 
ment. For,  if  the  accusatives  of  any  word  do  occur  both  as 
subject  and  as  object,  it  becomes  necessary  to  put  these  accusa- 
tives under  different  headings.  Again,  in  some  examples  the 
substantive  may  be  used  with  a  preposition  modifying  the  verb, 
while  in  other  examples  the  same  preposition  with  the  sub-' 
stantive  may  not  modify  the  verb  at  all.  Then  we  should  be 
obliged  to  look  for  the  examples  of  the  prepositional  phrase 
under  different  headings. 

One  would  hardly  think  of  looking  under  IV.  After  subst 
for  the  genitives,  until  he  had  become  accustomed  to  the  system' 
Then,  too,  the  genitive  might  be  a  pred.  gen.    In  that  case  it 


24 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


•'] 


\\ 


I- 


!l 


Ill 


would  not  come  under  this  heading  at  all  and  the  genitives  of 
the  word  would  be  found  under  different  headings.  Moreover, 
some  other  case  might  be  used  after  a  substantive,  for  example, 
pastor  ah  Amphryso,  G.  III.  2.  This  would  oblige  us  to  class 
different  cases  together  in  one  paragraph. 

Finally,  under  V.  Umstand  (circumstance)  the  editor  is  often 
obliged  to  class  together  examples  of  the  simple  ablative  and 
also  the  ablative  with  a  preposition. 

All  these  things  are  of  minor  importance,  however.  With  a 
little  practice  one  learns  how  to  find  what  he  wishes  without 
much  delay.  But  it  seems  probable  that  a  scholar  would  not 
care  to  have  the  uses  of  a  substantive  as  a  subject,  both  nomi- 
native and  accusative,  intermingled.  He  would  not  wish  to  look 
under  four  different  headings  for  the  examples  of  a  sanguine, 
finding  them  ''After  verbs;'  ''After  subst./'  ''After  adj./'  or 
"In  phrases/'  So  I  propose  to  arrange  the  cases  of  sub- 
stantives as  they  are  given  in  the  grammars.  Then  if  one 
wishes  to  look  up  the  uses  of  the  accusative,  for  instance,  he 
will  find  them  all  together.  The  examples  of  the  subject  accusa- 
tive, if  any  occur,  will  come  first.  After  this  the  objects  and 
finally  the  uses  with  a  preposition  will  be  given.  Likewise  all 
the  ablatives  will  be  together,  though  arranged  under  different 

subheadings. 

To  show  how  my  method  of  arranging  the  examples  of  a 
substantive  differs  from  the  logical  method  and  that  of  Merguet, 
I  give  at  this  point  the  article  on  fluvius  as  it  will  appear  in  the 
lexicon. 

Fluvius,  a  stream,  a  river,  water.  (37). 
L  Form:  fluvius,  A.  VIII.  66,  77 ;  fluvii,  A.  III.  702 ;  fluvio, 
A.  VI.  384,  VII.  36,  XI.  565,  XII.  256;  fluvium,  G.  I.  106,  IV. 
442,  A.  VI.  415,  749,  VII.  151,  VIII.  86,  125,  331,  651,  IX.  790, 
816;  fluvio,  G.  I.  272,  A.  VII.  30,  494,  VIII.  31,  93,  XII.  886; 
fluvii,  G.  I.  136,  A.  I.  607;  fluviorum,  G.  I.  482,  A.  XII.  142; 
floviis,  A.  IV.  489;  fluvios,  E.  V.  76,  G.  III.  77^  126,  142,  301, 
396;  fluviis,  E.  VII.  66,  G.  III.  445- 


Eel. 
Geo. 
Aen. 
Min. 
Total 


N.    G. 


2 


Sing. 
D.  Ac.    V.  Ab. 


2 
4     9 

4    II 


I 
5 


Plu. 
N.    G.   D.   Ac.  V,  Ab. 

I  I 

II  5  « 

III 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


25 


II.  Metric: 

Of  the  37  examples  of  iiuviiis  16  form  the  last  half  of  the 
third  foot  and  the  first  half  of  the  fourth,  while  13  cases  are 
similarly  divided  between  the  second  and  third  feet.  This  leaves 
only  eight  cases,  of  which  one  has  caused  much  discussion,  viz. : 
the  form  Huviorum  at  the  beginning  of  G.  I.  482. 

III.  Usage: 

A.  Sing,     I.  Norn,    a.  Subj.: 
condo: 

dixit,  deinde  lacu  fluvius  se  condidit  alto. 


ima  petens. 
dico:    vid,  condo. 

p.  Nom.:=voc.,  or  pred.  nom.: 
semper  celebrabere  donis, 
comiger  hesperidum  fluvius  regnator  aquarum. 


2.  Gen.  depend,  on  noun: 
apparet  Camerina  procul  campique  Geloi 
immanisque  Gela  fluvii  cognomine  dicta. 

3.  Dot.  after  verbs: 


A.  VIII.  66. 


A.  VIII.  77. 


A.  III.  702. 


do: 


A.  XI.  565. 


A.  XII.  256. 


at  Metabus  .    .    . 

dat  sese  fluvio  atque  hastam  cum  virgine  victor 

gramineo  donum  Triviae  de  caespite  vellitt. 
proicio : 

donee  vi  victus  et  ipso 

pondere  defecit  praedamque  ex  unguibus  ales 

proiecit  fluvio  penitusque  in  nubila  fugit. 
propinquo : 

ergo  iter  inceptum  peragunt  fluvioque  propinquant. 
navita  quos  iam  inde  ut  Stygia  prospexitt  ab  unda. 

,  A.  VI.  384. 

succedo: 

flectere  iter  sociis  terraeque  advertere  proras 

imperat  et  laetus  fluvio  succedit  opaco.  A.  VII.  36. 

4.  Ace.    a.  In  app.  with  subj.: 
esse : 

explorant :  haec  fontis  stagna  Numici, 

hunc  Thybrim  fluvium,  hie  fortis  habitare  Latinos. 

A.  vn.  151. 


n 


;^ 


1 


\$ 


j^ 


26 


dico: 


The  Plan  and  Scope 
p.  Obj.: 


turn  reges  asperque  immani  corpore  Thybris, 
a  quo  post  Itali  fluvium  cognomine  Thybrim 
diximus.  A.  VIII.  331. 

induco : 

deinde  satis  fluvium  inducit  rivosque  sequentist. 

G.  I.  106. 

inno : 

pontem  auderet  quia  vellere  Cocles 

et  fluvium  vinclis  innaret  Cloelia  ruptis.  A.  VIII.  651. 

lenio : 

Thybris  ea  fluvium,  quam  longa  est,  nocte  tumentem 

leniit.  A.  VIII.  86. 

peto : 

Tumus  paulatim  excedere  pugnat 

et  fluvium  petere  ac  partem,  quae  cingitur  undat. 

A.  IX.  790. 

relinquo : 

progressi  subeunt  luco  fluviumque  relincunt.       A.  VIII.  125. 


ad: 


y.  With  prep,: 

has  omnis,  ubi  mille  rotam  volvere  per  annos, 
Lethaeumt  ad  fluvium  deus  evocat  agmine  magno. 


A.  VI.  749. 


m: 


tum  demum  prseceps  saltu  sese  omnibus  armis 
in  fluvium  dedit.  A.  IX.  816. 

trans : 

tandem  trans  fluvium  incolumis  vatemque  virumque 
informi  limo  glaucaque  exponit  in  ulva.  A.  VI.  415. 

8.  In  app.: 

ille  suae  contra  non  immemor  artis 
omnia  transformat  sese  in  miracula  rerum, 
ignemque  horribilemque  feram  fluviumque  liquentem. 

G.  IV.  442. 
5.  Ahl: 

huic  deus  ipse  loci  fluvio  Tiberinus  amoeno 

populeas  inter  senior  se  attollere  frondes 

visus  .    .    . 

tum  sic  adfari  et  curas  his  demere  dictis.  A.  VIII.  31. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 

tantum  eflFata  caput  glauco  contexit  amictu 
multa  gemens  et  se  fluvio  dea  condidit  alto, 
hunct  procul  errantem  rabidae  venantis  luli 
commovere  canes,  fluvio  cum  forte  secundo 
deflueret  ripaque  aestus  viridante  levarett. 
miratur  nemus  insuetum  fulgentia  longe 
scuta  virum  fluvio  pictasque  innare  carinas, 
nulla  religio  vetuit  .    .    . 
balantumque  gregem  fluvio  mersare  salubri. 

hunc  inter  fluvio  Tiberinus  amoeno 
verticibus  rapidis  et  multa  flavos  harena 
in  mare  prorumpit. 


27 

A.  XII.  886. 

A.  VII.  494. 
A.  VIII.  93. 

G.  I.  272. 

A.  VII.  30. 


B.  Plu,     I.  Nom,  suhj,: 
curro : 

in  freta  dum  fluvii  current,  dum  montibus  umbrae 

lustrabunt  ... 

semper  honos  nomenque  tuum  laudesque  manebunt. 


sentio : 

tunc  alnos  primum  fluvii  sensere  cavatas. 


A.  I.  607. 
G.  I.  136. 


2.  Gen.  depend,  on  noun: 

nympha,  decus  fluviorum,  animo  gratissima  <M 

carissima  P  R>  nostro, 
scis  ut  te  cunctis  unam  .    .    .  praeetulerim.  A.  XII.  142. 

proluit  insano  contorquens  vertice  silvas 
fluviorum  rex  Eridanus,  camposque  per  omnes 
cum  stabulis  armenta  tulit.  G.  I.  482. 


3.  Dat: 

haec  se  carminibus  promittitt  solvere  mentes  . 
sistere  aquam  fluviis  et  vertere  sidera  retro. 


A.  IV.  489. 


amo: 


4.  Ace,  obj,: 


dum  iuga  montis  aper,  fluvios  dum  piscis  amabit,  .    .    . 
semper  honos  nomenque  tuum  laudesque  manebunt. 


E.  V.  76. 


I 


28  The  Plan  and  Scope 

hinc  et  amant  fluvios  magis,  et  magis  ubera  tendunt 

et  salis  occultum  referunt  in  lacte  saporem.  G.  III.  396. 

inno : 

exactis  eravidae  cum  mensibus  errant, 
non  illas  gravibus  quisquam  iuga  ducere  plaustris, 
non  saltut  superaret  viam  sit  passus  et  acrit 
carpere  prata  fuga  fluviosque  innare  rapacis.         G.  III.  142. 

ministro : 

florentisque  secant  herbas  fluviosque  ministrant 
farraque,  ne  blando  nequeatt  superesse  labori 
invalidique  patrum  referant  ieiunia  nati. 

praebeo : 

post  hinc  digressus  iubeo  frondentia  capris 
arbuta  sufficere  et  fluvios  praebere  recentis. 

tempto:  '[pullus] 

primus  et  ire  viam  et  fluvios  temptaret  minantist 

audet  et  ignoto  sese  committere  pontit, 

nee  vanos  horret  strepitus.  G.  III.  ^y. 

5.  Ahl.    a.  With  verb: 

dulcibus  idcirco  fluviis  pecus  omne  magistri 
perfundunt,  udisque  aries  in  gurgite  villis 
mersatur  missusque  secundo  defluit  amni. 


G.  III.  126. 


G.  III.  301. 


G.  III.  445. 


E.  VII.  66. 


)9.  With  prep.: 

fraxinus  in  silvist  pulcherrima,  pinus  in  hortis, 
populus  in  fluviis. 

IV.     Modifiers;    a.  Gen.: 
hesperidum,  A.  VIII.  77. 


p.  Adj.  (14): 

altus,  A.  XII.  886;  amoenus,  A.  VII.  30,  VIII.  31 ; 
comiger,  A.  VIII.  77;  dulcis,  G.  III.  445;  immanis,  A.  III.  702; 
Lethaeus,  A.  VI.  749;  liquens,  G.  IV.  442;  minans,  G.  III.  77; 
opacus,  A.  VII.  36;  rapax,  G.  III.  142;  recens,  G.  III.  301; 
salubris,  G.  I.  272 ;  secundus,  A.  VII.  494 ;  tumens,  A.  VIII.  86. 


\ . 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


29 


Reasons  for 
selectinsr  the 
words  given  in 
the  specimen 
articles. 


4.  To  illustrate  the  principles  already  laid  down  and  to  give  an 
idea  of  how  in  other  respects  the  examples  will  be  classified,  the 

following  words  are  given.  Under  each  word 
all  the  examples  from  the  works  of  Vergil  and 
those  attributed  to  him  are  arranged. 

The  reasons  for  selecting  these  words  are 
as  follows:  All  the  more  important  parts  of 
speech  must  be  included  among  the  specimen 
articles,  and  ab  is  believed  to  be  the  most  difficult 
preposition  from  a  syntactical  point  of  view.  If  a  satisfactory 
system  of  arrangement  can  be  devised  for  ab,  one  would  hardly 
expect  any  difficulty  in  arranging  the  examples  of  the  other 
prepositions. 

Most  of  the  space  allowed  for  these  specimen  articles  should, 
of  course,  be  devoted  to  substantives  and  verbs,  on  account  of 
the  importance  of  these  two  parts  of  speech.  Herba  and  gramen, 
amnis,  Humen,  Hwuius  and  riviis  were  chosen  because  these  words 
form  two  gfroups  of  synonyms  that  probably  have  examples  enough 
to  bring  up  all  the  problems  one  may  expect  to  meet  in  dealing 
with  substantives,  yet  the  number  of  examples  is  not  great  enough 
to  make  treatment  here  impossible. 

No  difficult  question  can  be  raised  about  the  arrangement  of 
the  examples  of  an  adjective.  An  adjective  should,  however,  be 
given,  and  gratus  illustrates  perfectly  the  method  of  treating  the 
uses  of  an  adjective,  while  at  the  same  time  it  is  a  word  of 
comparatively  rare  occurrence. 

Of  the  verbs,  scindere  was  chosen  not  on  account  of  its  small 
number  of  examples,  but  because  it  is  a  good  representative  of 
a  large  class  of  verbs  in  Vergil  that  take  simple  constructions. 

Proscindere  is  given  because  it  is  a  compound  of  the  previous 
verb  and  also  to  illustrate  the  treatment  of  a  word  of  very  rare 
occurrence. 

Videre  was  chosen  because  it  is  probably  as  difficult  in  the 
constructions  by  which  it  is  followed  as  any  verb  in  Vergil,  and 
also  because  it  has  a  very  large  number  of  examples  (296).  Few 
verbs  are  more  frequently  used.  It  was  my  wish  to  give  alf 
the  synonyms  of  videre,  but  they  proved  to  be  too  numerous  and 
of  too  frequent  occurrence  to  allow  presentation  here. 


I  < 


, 


30 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


31 


i 


.  I  ! 


5.  F=scheda  Vaticanae;  G=sched3e  Sangallensis  rescriptae; 
M=codex  Mediceus;  P=codex  Palatinus;  R=codex  Romanus; 

V=schedae   Veronenses    rescriptae;   y=:codex 

Summary  of  signs     ^"i™^.,,     ,        ^  ^     .^  x  .  __ 

and  abbreviations  Rb..=:Ribbeck ;     Con.=Conington ;     Ld— 

given,  or  referred      Ladewig ;      Gos.=Gossrau ;      Ben.=Benoist ; 
to,  above.  Th.=Thilo. 

E.=Eclogues;  G.=Georgics  (this  cannot 
be  confused  with  G.=schedae  Sangallensis,  because  it  is  used  in 
a  different  way);  A.=:Aeneid;  Cu.=:Culex;  Ci.=Ciris;  Co.= 
Copa;  M.=Moretum;  Ca.=Catalepton;  D.=Dirae;  L.=:Lydia. 

<  >  show  variants  in  ms.  readings. 

[     ]  enclose  explanatory  additions  of  the  editor. 

t  shows  that  some  ms.  or  edition  used  has  a  different  reading. 

Other  abbrevations,  it  is  believed,  will  explain  themselves. 

6.  SPECIMEN  ARTICLES. 

A,  Ab.     Abs  does  not  occur. 

I.  Form:    i.    a  before  bS  c^  fs,  iS  l^,  m^o,  ns,  p",  q«,  s",  t'S, 

2.    ab  before  a<^,  es,  h^  i^s,  i(cons.)5,  1«,  o^, 

I.    A.orAb.       r^,  s^t3,  u^. 

Eel.         Geo.       Aen.       Min.    Total 

A  is  found  6  22  60  6  94 

Ab  is  found  20  21  133  II  185 

Total  26  43  193  17  279 

II.  Usage: 
accessus : 

portus  ab  accessu  ventorum  immotus  Let  ingens 

ipse.  J  A.  III.  570. 

adytum : 

Ldixerat  haec,  adytis  cum  lubricusj  anguis  ab  imis 

.    .    .  septena  volumina  traxit.  A.  V.  84/ 

Vid,  also  templum, 

Aeneas :  [luno] 

vincort  ab  Aenea.  A.  VII.  310. 

aether:  a.  After  verbs  and  particip.: 

harum  unam  celerem  demisit  ab  aethere  summo 

luppiter.  A.  XII.  853. 


Liamque  rubescebat  radiis  mare  etj  aethere  ab  alto 

Aurora  in  roseis  fulgebat  lutea  bigis.  A.  VII.  25. 

Ltum  cruor  ett  volsaej  labuntur  ab  aethere  plumae. 

A.  XI.  724. 

deus  aethere  missus  ab  alto 
festinare  fugam  Ltortosque  incidere  funis 
ecce  iterum J  stimulatt.  a.  IV.  574. 

hie  pater  omnipotens 

Lintonuit  radiisque  ardentem  lucis  et  auro 
ipse  manut  quatiensj  ostendit  ab  aethere  nubem. 

A.  VII.  143. 
namque  inproviso  vibratus  ab  aethere  fulgor 
cum  sonitu  venit.  A.  VIII.  524. 

Lnihil  ipsa  nee  auraej 
nee  sonitus  memor  aut  venientis  ab  aethere  teli. 

A.  XI.  802. 
p.  After  combin,  af  verb  and  reflex, 

Lsimul  haec  effatus J  ab  alto 
aethere  se  misit. 


A.  IX.  644. 


agger:  a.  After  verbs  and  particip.: 

Lcum  Laomedontia  pubesj 
gramineo  ripae  religavit  ab  aggere  classem. 
vidit  ab  adverso  venientis  aggeret  Tumus. 

p.  After  an  adj,: 
LLyncea  tendentemt  contra  sociosque  vocantemj 
vibranti  gladio  conixus  ab  aggere  dextert 
occupat. 
agmen: 

conclamat  ab  agminet  Volcenst. 
altum:  a.  After  verbs  and  particip,: 

Lardentes  oculi  atquej  attractus  ab  alto 
spiritus. 

Lhaec  ait,  etJ  Maiat  genitum  demittitt  ab  alto, 
hauriat  hunc  oculis  ignem  crudelis  ab  alto 
Dardanus  Let  nostrae  secum  ferat  omina  mortis.J 

namque  urget  abt  alto 
arboribusque  satisque  notis  Lpecorique  sinister.J 


A.  VII.  106. 
A.  XII.  446. 


A.  IX.  769. 
A.  IX.  375. 


G.  III.  505. 
A.  I.  297. 


A.  IV.  661. 


G.  I.  443. 


,'.^,tlU^St>fi*kju 


32 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


33 


I   1 


it 


; 


I'  J 


i! 


ii 
iji'l 

ill  ! 


i 


[navis]  tris  Eurus  ab  alto 
in  brevia  et  syrtis  urguet.  A.  I.  no. 

p.  After  combin.  of  subst,  and  verb: 
Lcunctatur  et  amnis 
rauca  sonansj  revocatque  pedem  Tiberinus  ab  alto. 

A.  IX.  125. 
y.  After  subst,: 

Linsula  portum 
efficitt  obiectu  laterum,  J  quibus  omnis  ab  alto 
frangitur  Linque  sinus  scindit  sesej  unda  Lreductos.J 

A.  I.  160. 

amnis: 

ett  quaet  virgineo  libata  Acheloist  ab  amne 

liliat  vimineist  attulit  in  calathis.  Co.  15. 

Amphrysus : 

Lte  quoque,  magna  Pales,  et  te  memorande  canemusj 

pastor  ab  Amphryso,  Lvos,  silvae  amnesque  LycaeiJ 

^  G.  III.  2. 

annus :  o.  After  adj.  pronoun: 

alter  ab  undecimo  tum  me  iam  acceperatt  annust. 

E.  VIII.  39. 

p.  After  subst,: 
Ltu  quoque  nunc  stares  immanis  truncus  in  armisj 
esset  par  aetas  et  idem  si  robur  ab  annis, 
Tume.  A.  XI.  174. 

y.  In  phrases: 

Ltu  modo,  quos  in  spem  statues  summittere  gentisj 
praecipuum  iam  inde  a  teneris  impende  laborem.       G.  III.  74. 
pauper  in  arma  pater  primis  hue  misit  ab  annis.       A.  II.  87. 

tua  cemere  facta 
adsuescat  primis  et  te  miretur  ab  annis.  A.  VIII.  517. 

Laudite  o  mentibus  acquis, 
Aeneadae,J  neve  haec  nostris  spectentur  ab  annis, 
quae  ferimus.  A..  IX.  235. 

ara: 

Lobvius  J  ambustum  torrem  Corynaeus  ab  ara 

corripit.  A.  XII.  298. 

Argos : 

LHerculis  Antoren  comitem,  quij  missus  ab  Argis 
Lhaeserat  Euandro  atque  Itala  consederatt  urbe.  J 

A.  X.  779. 


A.  VII.  286. 


A.  X.  46. 

A.  XII.  844. 


Lecce  autem  Inachiis J  sese  referebat  ab  Argis 
saeva  lovis  coniunx. 
arma: 

Lper  eversae,  genitor,  fumantiat  Troiae 
excidia  obtestor,J  liceat  dimittere  ab  armis 
incolumem  Ascanium. 
Lhis  actis  aliud  genitor  secum  ipse  volutatj 

lutumamque  parat  f  ratris  dimittere  ab  armis. 
Arpi : 

Latque  iterum  in  Teucros  AetolisJ  surgitt  ab  Arpis 
Tydides.  a    ^  ^o 

arx :  ^'  ^'  ^^' 

Laocoont  ardens  summa  decurrit  ab  arce.  A.  II  41 

ut  belli  signum  Laurenti  Tumus  ab  arce 

extulit.  A    \TjTj 

A         .  A.  VIII.  I. 

Ascanms : 

fecerat  Ignipotenst,  illic  genus  omne  futurae 
stirpis  ab  Ascanio  Lpugnataque  in  ordine  bella.J 

astrum :  ^'  ^"^^  ^^9- 

Lcum  levis  aetheriisj  delapsus  Somnus  ab  astris 
Laera  dimovit  tenebrosum.J 
auris: 

ecce  aliud  summa  telum  librabat  ab  auret. 
Aurora : 

Let  ingensj 

visus  ab  Aurora  caelum  transcurrere  nimbus. 
^^"^  •  Lventosque  secabat 

maternoj  veniens  ab  avo  Cyllenia  proles. 
Belus : 

implevitque  mero  pateram,  quam  Belus  et  omnis 
a  Belo  soliti.  A  I  7-? 

caelum:  '    '  ^^^' 

LquamvisJ  solus  avem  caelo  deiecit  ab  alto.  A.  V.  542. 

Lhoct  tuncj  Ignipotens  caelo  descendit  ab  alto.  A.  VIII.  423 
hie  pater  omnipotens  ter  caelo  clarus  ab  alto 
intonuit.  *    tt-tt 

Limperio  lovis  hue  venio,  qui  classibus  ignem 
depulit  etj  caelo  tandem  miseratus  ab  alto  est  A  V  y^y 

caput :  ^^' 

nam  capite  at  summo  regis  (mirabile  dictu) 
Candida  caesariet  frondebantt  tempora  laurot, 
Latt  roseus  medio  surgebat  vertice  crinis.J  '  Ci.  120. 


A.  V.  838. 
A.  IX.  417. 

A.  IX.  III. 
A.  IV.  258. 


;:t 


,'^ 


M 


il'i'i 


i 


n 


34 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


cardo:  a    tt     O/-* 

Llimina  pemimpitj  postisque  a  cardine  vellit.         A.  11.  480. 

carina:  .  . 

iam  sibi  turn  at  curvis  male  temperat  unda  cannis. 

G.  I.  360. 

cervix  i 

marmorea  caput  a  cervice  revolsum 

.  \  Hebrus  volveret.  G.  IV.  523. 

Chaon:  .  .  a   ttt 

Chaoniamque  omnem  Troiano  a  Chaone  dixit.       A.  111.  335. 

Chaos : 

Clymene 

aquet  Chao  densos  divom  ntimerabat  amores.         G.  IV.  347- 

crimen : 

Laccipe  nunc  Danaum  insidias,  etj  crimine  ab  uno 


disce  omnis. 
culmeh : 


ruit  alto  a  culmine  Troia. 


Ldivom  inclementia,  divom, 
has  evertit  opesj  sternitque  a  culmine  Troiam. 

cura : 

Alcestis  ab  omni 

inviolata  vacatt  cura,  Lquodt  saeva  mariti 

in  Chalcodoniist  Admetit  turat  moratat  est.J 


A.  II.  65. 

A.  II.  290. 
A.  II.  603. 


Cu.  262. 


vitamque  ab  omni  vindicabimust  cura.         Ca.  V.  (VII.)  10. 


ego: 


E.  II.  43. 
G.  I.  249. 


iam  pridem  a  me  illos  abducere  Thestylis  orat. 
aut  redit  a  nobis  Aurora  diemque  reducit. 

equus : 

dereotumque  ab  equot  dextra  complectitur  hostem. 

A.  XI.  743. 
LCamilla 
occurrit  J  portisque  ab  equo  regina  sub  ipsis 
desiluit.  A-  ^^-  499- 

Euander : 

namque  ut  ab  Euandro  castris  ingressus  Etruscis 

regem  adit.  ^-  ^-  ^^S. 

femur: 

ocius  ensem 

Aeneas,  Lviso  Tyrrheni  sanguine  laetus,J 

eripit  a  femine.  -^-  ^-  7°^* 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


35 


A.  III.  533. 


fluctus : 

portus  ab  euroo  fluctu  curvatus  in  arcum. 
flumen : 

Lecce  ruit  magnisquej  urbem  terroribus  implet, 
instructos  acie  Tiberino  a  flumine  Teucros 
Tyrrhenamque  manum  totis  descendere  campis. 

I  T-.        I  A.  XI.  449. 

Liityre,J  pascentes  a  flumine  reice  capellas.  E.  Ill  q6 

fons:  .       .  y»-». 

Lhuc  ager  ille  malusj  dulcesque  a  fontibus  undse 
ad  plenum  calcentur.  n  u  ^a-, 

f  rater:  ^.11.243. 

ulta  virum  poenas  inimico  at  fratre  recepi.  A  IV  6«;6 

frigus:  '       •    0  • 

Lhuct  mihi,  dum  tenerasj  defendo  a  frigore  myrtos. 

E.  VII.  6. 
gurges : 

aut  ad  terram  gurgite  ab  alto 
quam  multae  glomerantur  aves.  a.  VI.  310 

Lnec  quisquam  aeratas  acies  ex  agmine  tanto 
•      misceri  putet,  aeriam  sedj  gurgite  ab  alto 

urgueri  volucrumt  raucarum  ad  litorat  nubem. 

hasta:  A.  VII.  704. 

turn  summa  ipsius  ab  hasta 

defringit  ferrum.  A.  XI.  747. 

Hector: 

Lei  mihi  qualis  erat,J  quantum  mutatus  ab  illo 

Hectore,  qui  redit  exuvias  indutus  Achilli.  A.  II  274 

herba:  •     •    z^- 

Lcolor  est  et  pluribus  unus, 

nee  totus  viridis,  quia  lacteat  frustat  repugnantt, 

nee  de  lacte  nitens,  quiaj  tot  variatur  abt  herbis!         M.  106 
Hister: 

coniurato  descendens  Dacus  ab  Histro.       G  II  407 
hostis:  '^y/' 

Lnumina  nulla  premunt,  J  mortali  urgemur  ab  hoste 
mortales.  a    y  ^^^ 

humus:  •  A.X.375. 

sequaevomtque  ab  humo  miserans  attollit  amicum.    A.  V.  452. 


I 


36 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


37 


HI  ! 


A.  III.  24. 

A.  V.  428. 
M.  27. 


A.  XII.  412. 
A.  V.  254. 

G.  I.  234. 

E.  IX.  15. 

E.  I.  18. 

E.  V.  49. 


access!  viridemaue  ab  humo  convellere  silvam 
conatus. 

ictus : 

abduxere  retro  longe  capita  ardua  ab  ictu. 
tunsat  ceres  silicum  rapido  decurritt  ab  ictu. 

Ida: 

hie  Venus 

dictamiiumt  genetrix  Cretaea  carpitt  ab  Ida. 

quern  praepes  ab  Ida 
sublimem  pedibus  rapuit  lovis  armiger  uncis. 

ignis : 

quinque  tenent  cselum  zonae :  quarum  una  corusco 
semper  sole  rubens  et  torrida  semper  ab  igni. 

ilex: 

ante  sinistra  cava  monuisset  ab  ilice  cornix. 
(saepe  sinistra  cava  praedixit  ab  ilice  comix). 
[Ben. ;  not  in  Rb.  or  any  early  ms.] 

ille:  a.  After  adj.  pfonoun: 

Lfortunate  puer, J  tu  nunc  eris  alter  ab  illo. 

p.  After  verbs: 
monte  sub  aerio,  qui  nunc  Misenus  ab  illo 

dicitur. 

Ltotus  etj  ille  dies  et  qui  nascenturt  ab  illo 

Lexactum  ad  mensemj  pluvia  ventisque  carebunt.     G.  I.  434- 

et  nati  natorum  et  qui  nascenturt  ab  illis.  A.  III.  98. 

imum:  ,   . 

cuperemt  cum  vertere  ab  imo 

structa  meis  manibus  periuraet  moenia  Troiae.  A.  V.  810. 

Indi : 

discurrit  .    .    . 

usquet  coloratis  amnis  devexus  ab  Indis.  G.  IV.  293. 

inguen : 

Lhic  demum,  hippomanes  vero  quod  nomme  dicunt 
pastoresj  lentum  destillat  ab  inguine  virus.  G.  III.  281. 

integrum:  .,  ^  F  TV   c 

magnus  ab  integro  saeclorum  nascitur  ordo.  £-.  i  v .  5- 

ipse:  .  A    VT       « 

Lipsum  obtestemurj  veniamque  oremus  ab  ipso.    A.  XI.  3S». 

Lipsat  iugist  namque  Ida  potenst  feritatistj  abt  ipsa 

Idat  faces  altrix  cupidist  praebebat  alumnist.  Cu.  311. 


is: 


A.  VI.  234. 


laurus  erat  .    .    .  quam  ... 
ipse  ferebatur  Phoebo  sacrasse  Latinus 
Laurentisque  ab  ea  nomen  posuisse  colonis. 
lulus : 

lulius,  a  magno  demissum  nomen  lulo. 
iugnlum : 

contra  ille  repugnans 
sustinet  a  iugulo  dextram. 


A.  VII.  63. 
A.  I.  288. 

A.  XL  750. 


luppiter:  a.  After  par ticip,: 

stabunt  et  Parii  lapides,  spirantia  signa, 
Assaraci  proles  demissaeque  ab  love  gentis 
nomina  LTrosque  parens  et  Troiaet  Cynthius  auctor.J 

,  .  G.  III.  35. 

Lnunc  etiam J  interpres  divom  love  missus  ab  ipso 

.    .    .  celeris  mandata  per  auras 

^letulit.  A.  IV.  356. 

Lnunc  et  J  love  missus  ab  ipso 
interpres  divom  fert  horrida  iussa  <dicta  M>  per 

auras.  A.  IV.  377. 

p.  After  combin,  of  verb  and  subst.: 
quid  memorem  Alciden  ?  et  mit  genus  ab  love  summo. 

A.  VI.  123. 
ab  love  principium  musae :  Llovis  omnia  plena.  J       E.  III.  60. 
ab  love  principium  generis,  Llove  Dardana  pubes 
gaudet  avo.J  a.  VII.  219. 

y.  After  subst,: 

Italiam  quaero  patriamt  et  genus  ab  love  summo.       A.  I.  380. 
lac : 

neque  ego  Alcippen  nect  Phyllida  habebam, 
depulsos  a  lacte  domi  quae  clauderet  agnost.  E.  VII.  15. 

^acrima:  quis  talia  fando  ... 

temperet  a  lacrimis?  A   II   8 

limen: 

Lnec  non  etJ  gemini  custodes  limine  ab  alto 
praeceduntt  Lgressumque  canes  comitantur  erilem.  J 

A.  VIII.  461. 
cum  te 
restitui  superis  letit  iam  liminet  ab  ipso?  Cu.  224, 


38 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


E.  I.  S3- 


A.  V.  43. 


A.  III.  639. 


limes : 

hinc  tibi,  quae  semper,  vicino  ab  limite  saepes  . 
ssepe  levi  somnum  suadebit  inire  susurro. 

litus:  a.  After  verbs  and  particip.: 

socios  in  coetum  litore  ab  omni 
advocat  Aeneas. 

Lgemino  dimittuntt  bracchia  muro 
turriti  scopulij  refugitque  abt  litore  templum.    A.  III.  536. 
labitur  interea  resolutat  abt  litore  classis.  Ci.  459. 

Vid,  populus,    A.  VIII.  686. 

/8.  After  subst,: 
addam  .   .    . 

Let  duo  rapta  manu  diverso  ex  hoste  tropaeaj 
bisque  triumphatas  utroque  ab  litore  gentes.  G.  III.  33. 

y.  After  combin.  of  subst,  and  verb: 
Lfugite  atquej  abt  litore  funem 
rumpite. 
lumen : 

hie  iuvenem  in  latebris  aversum  at  lumine  nympha 
collocat.  G.  IV.  423. 

Lycia:   • 

et  Clarus  et  Thaemont  Lycia  comitantur  ab  altat.    A.  X.  126. 

malus: 

nodos  et  vincula  linea  rupit, 

quis  innexa  pedem  malo  pendebat  ab  alto.  A.  V.  511. 

columbam, 

Lquo  tendant  ferrumj  malo  suspendit  ab  alto.  A.  V.  489. 
[manus :] 

Ltum  lateri  atque  umeris  Tegeaeumt  subligat  ensem,  J 

demissa  ab  laeva  pantheraet  terga  retorquens.  A.  VIII.  460. 
mater : 

Lmulti  etiamt  excretost J  prohibent  a  matribus  haedos. 

G.  III.  398. 
mensis : 

terrae 

pingue  solum  primis  extemplo  a  mensibus  anni 

fortes  invortant  tauri.  G.  I.  64. 

mentum : 

Loptuma  torvae 

forma  bovis,  cui  turpe  caput,  cui  plurima  cervix, 

etj  crurum  tenus  a  mento  palearia  pendent.  G.  III.  53. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


39 


A.  IX.  35. 

Ci.  517. 
A.  IV.  375. 

A.  V.  476. 

A.  II.  375. 
A.  I.  525. 

Cu.  302. 

A.  II.  613. 


moenia : 

cum  sese  a  moenibus  heros 
LPriamides  multisj  Helenus  LcomitantibusJ  adfert. 

A.  III.  345. 
moles : 

primus  ab  adversa  conclamat  mole  Caicus. 
mors: 

infelix  virgo  nequiquam  at  morte  recepta 
Lincultum  solis  in  rupibus  exigit  aevum.  J 

socios  a  morte  reduxi. 

cognoscite,  Teucri,  .    .    . 
et  qua  servetis  revocatum  a  morte  Dareta. 
navis : 

vos  celsis  nunc  primum  a  navibus  itis  ? 
Loramus  :J  prohibe  infandos  a  navibus  ignis. 

referens  a  navibus  ignis 
Argolicis  Phrygios  torva  feritatet  repulsost. 

sociumque  furens  a  navibus  agmen 
ferro  accincta  vocat. 
nomen : 

(mox  Italus  Mnestheus,  genus  a  quo  nomine  Memmi). 

A.  V.  117. 
occasus :  * 

quantus  ab  occasu  veniens  pluvialibus  haedist 
verberat  imber  humum.  A.  IX.  668. 

Oeta: 

et  piger  auratat  procedit  Vesper  ab  Oetat.  Cu.  203. 

et  gelidat  venientemt  ignemt  quatiebat  abt  Oetat.        Ci.  350. 
Olympus : 

primus  ab  aetherio  venit  Satumus  Olympo.         A.  VIII.  319. 
ora: 

generos  externis  adfore  ab  oris, ' 
hoc  Latio  restare  canunt.  A.  VII.  270. 

Lille  etiamj  patriis  agmen  ciet  Ocnust  ab  oris.       A.  X.  198. 
quae  manus  interea  Tuscis  comitetur  ab  oris 

A^^f^^-  A.  X.  164. 

qualis  hyperboreis  aquilo  cum  densus  ab  oris 

incubuit.  •  G.  III.  196. 

primus  init  bellum  Tyrrhenis  asper  ab  oris 

contemptort  divom  Mezentius.  ,  A.  VII.  647. 


40 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon, 


41 


A.  VII.  152. 


arma  virumque  cano,  Troiae  qui  primus  ab  oris 

Lltaliam  fato  profugus  LaviniatqueJ  venit 

litorat.  A.  I.  J. 

Lsed  vos  qui  tandemj  quibus  autt  venistis  ab  oris, 

Lquove  tenetis  iterpj  A.  I.  369. 

quibus  Hector  ab  oris 
expectate  venis?  A.  II.  282. 

ordo: 

ilia  manent  immota  locis  neque  ab  ordine  cedunt.    A.  III.  447. 

turn  satus  Anchisa  delectos  ordine  ab  omni 
centum  oratores  angusta  ad  mcenia  regis 
ire  iubet. 
origo :  a.  After  verbs  and  particip,: 

Lmox  tanien  ardentis  accingar  dicere  pugnas 
Cxsaris  et  nomen  f ama  tot  ferre  per  annos, J 
Tithoni  prima  quott  abest  ab  origine  Caesar. 

series  longissima  rerum 
per  tot  ducta  viros  antiquat  ab  origine  gentis. 
Lo  dea,J  si  prima  repetens  ab  origine  pergam. 

p.  After  substr. 

vestibulo  astabant,  aliique  ab  origine  reges 
LMartiaquet  ob  patriam  pugnando  volnerat  passi.J 

A.  VII.  181. 
y.  In  phrases:  , 

nee  singula  morbi 
corpora  corripiunt,  sed  Ltota  aestiva  repente, 
spemque  gregemque  simulj  cunctamque  ab  origine  gentem. 

G.  III.  473- 
Limmo  age,  etj  a  prima,  die,  hospes,  origine  nobis 
insidias'  inquit  *Danaum  casusque  tuorum.'  A.  I.  753. 

altius  omnem 
expediam  prima  repetens  ab  origine  famam.  G.  IV.  286. 


OS 


G.  III.  48. 

A.  I.  642. 
A.  I.  372. 


totoque  ardentis  ab  ore 
scintillae  absistuntt,  Loculis  micat  acribus  ignis.J  A.  XII.  loi. 

Lea  vox  audita  laborum 
prima  tulit  finem,J  primamque  loquentis  ab  ore 
eripuit  pater.  •  A.  VII.  118. 

Llliacosque  iterum  demens  audire  labores 
exposcitj  pendetque  iterum  narrantis  ab  ore.  A.  IV.  79. 


E.  I.  8. 


ovile : 

illius  aram 
saepe  tener  nostris  ab  ovilibus  imbuet  agnus. 
Pachynus : 

lovis  coniunx  .    .    .  classemque  ex  athere  longe 

Dardaniam  Siculo  prospexit  ab  usque  Pachyno.    A.  VII  280 
Pallas :  *    ^^* 

Arcades  hist  oris,  genus  at  Pallante  profectum,  ... 
delegere  locum  Let  posuere  in  montibus  urbem.J  A  VIII   ::i 
patria :  .      '  ^  ' 

tu  procul  a  patria  L(nec  sitt  mihi  credere  tantum) 
Alpinas  a !  dura  nives  et  J  frigora  Rheni 
me  sine  sola  vides.  E  X  ii6 

pauper: 

interdum  locuples  a  paupere  plurat  petebatt.  M  6«; 

pectus :  *    "^^ 

Ltum  vero  ingentem J  gemitum  dat  pectore  ab  imo.    A.  I.  485. 
funditque  preces  rex  pectore  ab  imo. 
Lquaerenti  talibus  ille 
suspiransj  imoque  trahens  a  pectore  vocem. 
pestis : 

Lrestinctust  donee  vapor  omnis  et  omnesj 
quattuor  amissis  servatae  a  peste  carinae. 
populus : 

Lhinc  ope  barbarica  variisque  Antonius  armis,J 
victor  ab  Auroraet  populis  et  litore  rubro, 
Aegyptum  Lviresque  Orientis  et  ultima  secum 
BactraJ  vehit. 
portus: 

Lquare  agite  et  primo  laeti  cum  lumine  solis 
quae  loca,  quive  habeant  homines,  ubi  moenia  gentis, 
vestigemus  etJ  a  portu  diversa  petamus.  A.  VII.  132 

praesaepe: 

ignavom  fucos  pecus  a  praesepibus  arcent.  G.  IV.  168. 

ignavom  fucos  pecus  a  praesepibus  arcent.  A  I  4^«; 

proavus :  *    * 

quoit  genus  a  proavis  ingens  clarumque  patemae 
nomen  erat  virtutis.  a.  XII.  225. 

pulvis : 

ceu  pulvere  ab  alto 
quomt  venit  et  sicco  terram  spuit  ore  viator 

^"^"^-  G.  IV.  96. 


A.  VI.  55. 
A.  I.  371. 

A.  V.  699. 


A.  VIII.  686. 


'U* 


42 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


puppis :  ^  ;r  4. 

segnemque  MenoetenT   .    .    . 

in  mare  prsecipitem  puppi  deturbat  ab  alta.  A.  V.  175. 

ipse  gubernator  puppi  Palinunis  ab  alta 
Lheu !  quianam  tanti  cinxerunt  aethera  nimbi?* J       A.  V.  12. 
tumt  pater  Aeneas  puppi  sic  faturt  ab  alta.         A.  VIII.  115. 
prosequitur  surgens  a  puppi  ventus  euntis.  A.  III.  130. 

prosequitur  surgens  a  puppi  ventus  euntis.  A.  V.  ^^^, 

qui :  a.  A^ter  verbs: 

turn  reges  asperque  immani  corpore  Thybris, 

a  quo  post  Itali  fluvium  cognomine  Thybrim 

diximus.  A.  VIII.  331. 

Lagmen  agens  Clausus  magnique  ipse  agminis  instar  J 

Claudia  nunc  at  quo  diffunditur  et  tribus  et  genst 

per  Latium.  A.  VII.  708. 

p.  After  combin,  of  subst  and  verb: 

hinc  Dardanus  ortus 
lasiusque  pater,  genus  a  quo  principe  nostrum.       A.  III.  168. 
Sergestusque,  domus  tenet  a  quo  Sergia  nomen, 
LCentauro  invehitur  magna.  J  A.  V.  1 21. 

radix : 

quse  gravidam  late  segetem  ab  radicibus  imis 
sublimem  expulsamt  eruerent.  G.  I.  319- 

teneram  ab  radice  ferens  .    .    .  cupressum.         G.  I.  20. 
pullulat  ab  radice  aliis  densissima  silva, 
ut  cerasis  ulmisque.  G.  II.  17 ' 

LaccessitJ  telumque  alta  ab  radice  revellit.  A.  XII.  787. 

rex ; 

Lalia  arma  Latinis 
quaerenda  autj  pacem  Troiano  abt  rege  petendumt. 

A.  XI.  230. 

rupes : 

Lvitam  .    .    .  inter  deserta  ferarum 
lustra  domosque  traho, J  vastosque  ab  rupe  Cyclopas 
prospicio.  ^'  ^^^*  "47' 

sacellum : 

ut  herbae 
aspert  autt  rubust  a  meo  sintt  remota  sacello.       Ca.  III.*  8. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


43 


sanguis:  «.  After  verbs: 

sic  genus  amborum  scindit  se  sanguine  ab  uno.    A.  VIII.  142. 
progeniem  sed  enim  Troiano  a  sanguine  duci 

^^^^^^^-  A.  I.  19. 

p.  After  subst.: 
Lsed  fore  qui  gravidam  imperiis  belloque  frementem 
Italiam  regeret  J  genus  alto  at  sanguine  Teucri 

Dardanidae  magni,  genus  alto  at  sanguine  divom*.    A.  V.  45. 
Dfeiphobet  armipotens,  genus  alto  a  sanguine  Teucri. 

A.  VI.  500. 
y.  After  combin,  of  verb  and  subst,: 
Lcerte  hinc  Romanos  olim  volventibus  annisj 
hinc  fore  duc^ores  revocato  a  sanguine  Teucri, 
Lqui  mare,  qui  terras  omni  dicione  tenerent,J 
pollicitu'st. 

Lsunt  et  Siculis  regionibus  urbes 
armatque,J  Troianoque  a  sanguine  clarus  Acestes.  A.  I.  550. 

S.  After  adj.  pron.: 
Lquorum  alter  Acaman,J 
alter  ab  Arcadiot  Tegeseaet  sanguine  gentis. 
saxum  : 

quam  facile  accipiter  saxo  sacer  ales  ab  alto 
consequitur  pinnis  sublimem  in  nube  columbam. 


A.  I.  235. 


A.  V.  299. 


A.  XL  721. 

^^^^^  •  a.  After  verbs  and  particip.: 

luctificam  Allecto  dirarum  ab  sede  dearumt 
infemisque  ciet  tenebris.  a.  VII.  324 

ecce  autem  Boreas  angustat  ab  sede  Pelori 
missus  adest  a.  III.  687. 

Lrespice  ad  haec : J  adsum  dirarum  ab  sede  sororum, 
Lbella  manu  letumque  gero.  J  -       A  Yll  aca 

Lhinc  illum,J  Corythi  Tyrrhena  ab  sede  profectum* 
Laurea  nunc  solio  stellantis  regia  caeli 

r^^V     .    .  A.  VIL  209. 

hunc  ilium  fatis  externa  ab  sede  profectum 

portendi  generum  Lparibusque  in  regna  vocari 

auspiciis.J  *    ittt 

A.  VII.  255. 


44 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


transferet. 


p.  After  combin,  of  verb  and  subst,: 
regnumque  ab  sede  Lavini 


A.  I.  270. 


y.  After  combin,  of  verbs  and  adj,: 
Neptunus  .    .    . 

Lfundamenta  quatitj  totamque  at  sedibus  urbem 
emit.  A.  II.  611. 

Lincubuere  mari,J  totumque  a  sedibus  imis 
una  Eurusque  Notusque  ruunt  Lcreberque  procellis 


Africus.J 

semen : 

absenti  Aeneae  currum  geminosque  iugalis 

semine  ab  atherio,  spirantist  naribus  ignem. 

socius : 

pereunt  Hypanisque  Dymasque 

confixi  a  scKiis. 


A.  I.  84. 


A.  VII.  281. 


A.  II.  429. 


A.  XI.  301. 


solium :  a.  After  verbs: 

Lpraefatus  divosj  solio  rex  infit  ab  alto. 

Tartareum  ille  manu  custodem  in  vincla  petivit 

ipsius  a  solio  regis,  traxitque  trementem.  A.  VI.  396. 

p.  After  combin,  of  verb  and  reflex,: 
Lhsec  ubi  dicta  dedit,J  solio  se  tollit  ab  alto.       A.  VIII.  541. ' 

specula:  a.  After  subst.: 

utque  leo,  specula  cum  vidit  ab  alta 
stare  procul  campis  meditantem  in  proelia  taurum, 
advolat.  A.  X.  454. 

p.  After  combin,  of  verb  and  subst.: 

dat  signum  specula  Misenus  ab  alta 
Laere  cavo.J 
stabulum : 

absint  et  picti  squalentia  terga  lacerti 
pinguibus  a  stabulis. 

quattuor  a  stabulis  prsestanti  corpore  tauros 
V      avertit. 

Laut  matrit  multis  balatibusj  agnum 
Martius  a  stabulis  rapuit  lupus, 
nee  vero  a  stabulis  pluvia  inpendente  recedunt 
longius.  G.  IV.  191. 


A.  III.  239. 

G.  IV.  14. 

A.  VIII.  207. 

A.  IX.  566. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


45 


s^^^ps  •  a.  After  verb  and  particip, : 

nee  non  et  sterilis  quae  stirpibus  exit  ab  imis, 

hoc  faciatt.  q  h  53 

seque  ortum  antiqua  Teucrorum  at  stirpe  volebat.     A.  I.  626, 

p.  After  subst,: 
Lqui  sanguine  nostrum 
nomen  in  astra  ferantj  quorumque  at  stirpe  nepotes 
omnia  sub  pedibus  .    .    .  videbunt.  A.  VII.  99. 

y.  After  adj,: 

durum  at  stirpe  genus  natos  ad  flumina  primum 
deferimus. 

8.  In  phrases: 
huic  at  stirpe  pedes  temo  protentus  in  octo, 
binae  aures,  duplici  aptantur  dentalia  dorso. 
hoc  ubi,  non  a  stirpe  valent  caesaeque  reverti 
possunt. 

'Dardanidae  duri,  quae  vos  a  stirpe  parentum 
prima  tulit  tellus,  eadem  vos  ubere  laeto 
accipiet  reduces.' 
quodque  at  stirpe  fores  geminis  coniunctus  Atridis. 

,       ,  A.  VIII.  130. 

templum : 

ecce  trahebatur  passis  Priameia  virgo 

crinibus  a  templo  Cassandra  adytisque  Minervse.      A.  II.  404. 

Tenedos:  a.  After  subst,: 

ecce  autem  gemini  a  Tenedo  tranquilla  per  alta 

.    .    .  angues 
incumbunt  pelago. 

p.  After  verb: 

et  iam  Argiva  phalanx  instructis  navibus  ibat 
a  Tenedo. 
tergum : 

stivatque,  quae  currust  a  tergo  torqueat  imos. 
saepe  etiam  Stellas   .    .    .  videbis 
praecipites  caelo  labi,  noctisque  per  umbram 
flammarum  longos  a  tergo  albescere  tractus. 
numquam  .    .    .   inpacatost  a  tergo  horrebis  Hiberos. 

G.  III.  408. 


A.  IX.  603. 

G.  I.  171. 
G.  II.  312. 

A.  III.  94. 


A.  II.  203. 


A.  II.  255. 
G.  I.  174. 

G.  I.  367. 


K      ' 


i86. 


A.  IX. 


455- 
697. 

322. 


A.  XII.  292. 


46  The  Plan  and  Scope 

hos  tota  armenta  secuntur 
a  tergo,  Let  longum  per  vallis  pascitur  agmen.  J       A.  I. 
limen  erat  caecaeque  fores  .    .    . 

postesque  relicti 
a  tergo.  A.  II. 

Lregina  in  mediis  patriot  vocat  agrtiina  sistroj 
necdum  etiam  geminos  a  tergo  respicit  anguis.     A.  VIII. 

tu,  ne  qua  manus  se  attollere  nobis 
a  tergo  possit,  custodi  et  consule  longe. 

ruit  ille  recedenst 
et  misert  oppositis  a  tergo  involvitur  aris 
Lin  caput  inque  umeros.J 

terra:  a.  After  combin,  of  verb  and  subst,: 

non  ilia  quisquam  me  nocte  per  altum 
ire  neque  at  moveat  <M^  Rb.  &  Th.  moneat  M^  R  y  edd.> 

.  convellere  funem.  G.  I.  457. 

p.  Modifying  substantive  to  be  supplied: 

iam  fragilis  poteram  abt  terrat  contingeret  ramos. 

E.  VIII.  40. 
torus : 

inde  toro  pater  Aeneas  sic  orsus  ab  alto.  A.  II.  2. 

trabs : 

et  nodum  informis  leti  trabe  nectit  ab  alta.  A.  XII.  603. 

Troia: 

Phrygiique  penates, 

quos  mecum  abt  Troiat  Lmediisque  ex  ignibus  urbisj 

extuleram.  A.  III.  I49- 

quos  simul  abt  Troia  ventosa  per  sequora  vectos 

obruit  auster.  A.  VI.  335. 

tu: 

a  te  principium,  tibi  desinam  <P  desinet  M>.       E.  VIII.  11. 

tumulus : 

sistit  et  Arruntem  tumulo  speculatur  ab  alto.        A.  XI.  853. 

turbo : 

fulminibust  veluti  fragor  est  at  turbinet  niset 
tegminibust  telisquet  supert  .    .    .  Cu.  318. 

uber: 

atque  haec  iam  primo  depulsus  ab  ubere  matris 

audeatt.  G.  III.  187. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


47 


infantumque  animae  flentes,  in  limine  primo 

quos  dulcis  vitaet  exsortist  et  ab  ubere  raptos 

abstulit  atra  dies  Let  funere  mersit  acerbo.J  A.  VI.  428. 

cervos  erat  ... 

Tyrrhidaet  pueri  quern  matris  ab  ubere  raptum 

""^"b^t.  A.  VII.  484. 

ulmus : 

nee  gemere  aeria  cessabit  turtur  ab  ulmo.  E.  I.  58. 

umbra: 

tum  pater  omnipotens,  aliquem  indignatus  ab  umbris     * 
mortalem  infemis  ad  limina  surgere  vitae, 
Lipse  repertorem  medicinae  ...  J 

.    .    .   Stygias  detrusit  ad  undast.         A.  VII.  770. 


unda: 


a.  After  particip.: 
Lcoram,  quem  quaeritisj  adsum 
Troius  Aeneas,  Libycis  ereptus  ab  undis. 

p.  After  subst,  to  be  supplied: 

vix  lumine  quarto 
prospexi  Italiam  summa  sublimis  ab  unda. 


A.  I.  596. 


A.  VI.  357. 


y.  After  subst.: 
navita  quos  iam  inde  utt  Stygia  prospexitt  ab  unda 
Lper  taciturn  nemus  ire.J  A.  VI.  385. 


8.  After  combin.  of  verb  and  subst,: 

Nereist  ab  undat     • 
signat  dabatt. 


Cu.  345. 


€.  After  combin,  of  verb  and  reflex,: 

quo  fessus  ab  undis 
se  recipit.  g.  IV.  403. 

urbs:  a.  After  verbs  and  particip,: 

ducite  ab  urbe  domum,  mea  carmina,  ducite  Daphnim. 

E.  VIII,  68,  72,  y6,  79,  84,  90,  94,  100,  104. 
via  prima  salutis, 
Lquod  minime  reris  J  Graia  pandetur  ab  urbe.      A.  VI.  97. 
quisve  ruit  tantus  diversa  clamor  ab  urbe?  A.  XII.  621. 

Lparcite,J  ab  urbe  venit,  Liam  parcite,  carmina,J  Daphnist. 

E.  VIII.  109. 


^8  The  Plan  and  Scope 

p.  After  cambin,  of  verb  and  subst. 

Lecce  super  maesti  magnaj  Diomedis  ab  urbe 
legati  responsa  ferunt. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


49 


A.  XL  226. 


y.  After  adj.: 

nee  tarn  aversus  equos  Tyria  Sol  iungit  ab  urbe.        A.  I.  568. 
ventus:  iubeo  .    .    . 

et  stabula  a  ventis  hibemo  opponere  soli 

ad  medium  conversa  diem.  G.  IIL  302. 

Lhunc  angustique  imbrice  tecti 
parietibusque  premunt  artis  et  quattuorj  addunt, 
quattuor  a  ventis  obliqua  luce  fenestras.  G.  IV.  298. 

vertex : 

Lceu  duo  nubigenae  cum  J  vertice  montis  ab  alto 


.     descenduntt  centauri. 
unam  .    .    .    [navem] 
ipsius  ante  oculos  ingens  a  vertice  pontus 
in  puppim  ferit. 

praesertim  si  tempestas  a  vertice  silvis 
incubuit. 
tigridis  exuviae  per  dorsum  a  vertice  pendent. 

ille  ictum  venientem  a  vertice  velox 
praevidit. 

vesper : 

et  vespere  ab  atrot 

consurgunt  venti. 

volnus : 

inter  quas  Phoenissa  recens  a  volnere  Dido 

errabat. 


A.  VIL  674. 


A.  I.  114. 

G.  IL  310. 
A.  XL  577- 

A.  V.  444. 


A.  V.  19. 


A.  VL  540. 


The  article  on  the  form  of  a,  or  ab,  is  given  very  briefly,  the 
number  of  times  the  preposition  occurs  before  words  beginning 

with  the  various  letters  of  the  alphabet  being 
expressed  by  a  superior  figure.  The  only  dis- 
advantage in  this  is  that  I  cannot  show  here  those 
places  where  the  form  of  the  preposition  is  doubt- 
ful, or  where  it  is  uncertain  whether  Vergil  used 
any  preposition  or  not. 

It  will  be  seen  that  I  differ  from  Merguet's  plan  in  some 
particulars.     The  most  important  deviation  is  the  arrangement 


b.    Comment 
on  the  formal 
arrangement. 


here  of  the  prepositional  combinations  according  to  the  'dependent* 
word  rather  than  according  to  the  verb  by  which  the  preposition 
is  'governed.'  The  examples  are  in  the  alphabetical  order  of 
the  principal  words  in  the  phrases. 

In  case  there  is  but  one  example,  or  in  case  all  the  examples 
are  used  in  the  same  way,  whether  after  verbs  and  participles, 
after  substantives,  or  in  phrases,  I  have  not  thought  it 
necessary  to  give  any  heading ;  but  wherever  the  phrases  are  used 
in  different  ways,  I  have  arranged  the  examples  under  their 
proper  headings.  There  is  a  great  advantage,  it  seems  to  me, 
in  having  all  instances  of  a  certain  phrase  together,  and  if  one 
cared  for  such  information  as  that  emphasized  by  Merguet's 
method  of  arrangement,  he  can  get  it  without  much  diffculty. 
This  combines  fairly  well  the  advantages  of  both  systems  and 
avoids  the  logical  arrangement  of  Raum,  Zeit,  Grenze, 

I  fear  that  in  the  printed  lexicon  the  length  of  the  quotation 
will  have  to  be  cut  down,  and  I  have  indicated  in  this  specimen 
article  by  heavy  L-brackets  (L  J)  the  parts  which  may  be  omitted 
in  the  lexicon.  In  A.  VII.  310,  vincor  ab  Aenea,  I  can  see  no 
reason  for  a  longer  quotation.  The  sense  is  complete  and  the 
meaning  of  ab  is  clear.  It  is  not  necessary  in  the  lexicon  to  show 
that  Juno  is  speaking.  On  the  other  hand,  if  G.  I.  234  were 
given  in  this  way :  torrida  semper  ab  igni,  it  would  be  necessary 
to  look  up  the  quotation  in  the  original  to  discover  the  meaning  of 
the  passage  and  the  use  of  ab.  So  I  shall  give  two  verses  here, 
making  the  sense  complete. 

But  this  does  not  mean  that  the  whole  of  these  two  verses 
must  be  given  for  every  other  word  in  them.  For  example, 
the  quotation  for  quinque  would  be  simply  quinque  tenent  caeli^m 
zonae.  The  same  four  words  would  illustrate  caelum,  and  the 
second  semper  requires  only  una  [zona]  torrida  semper  ab  ignu 

Finally,  if  the  examples  are  short,  they  will  be  printed  as 
prose  and  placed  together  in  a  solid  paragraph.  However,  the 
attempt  will  be  made  in  case  the  quotations  are  long,  as  they  must 
often  be  for  substantives  and  verbs,  to  give  each  word  its  metrical 
position  in  the  verse  even  in  the  printed  lexicon,  as  far  as  it  can 
be  done  without  great  waste.  But  it  is  obvious  that  this  is 
impossible  in  the  case  of  many  words,  such  as  prepositions. 


50 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


I.    Living  beings:    A.    Proper  names  of  persons: 


A  logical 
arrangement 
of  A  or  Ab. 


a.  After  verbs  and  particip.  of  real  motion: 
amnis   devexus   ab   Indis.— G.    IV.    293.     ab 

Euandro  castris  ingressus  Etruscis   regem  adit. 

A.  X.  148.    visus  ab  Aurora  cselum  transcurrere 

nimbus. — A.  IX.  iii. 


p.  After  verbs  and  particip,  of  metaphorical  motion: 
aque  Chao  densos  divom  numerabat  amores. — G.   IV.   347. 
demissseque  ab  love  gentis  nomina.— G.  III.  35-     a  magno  demis- 
sum  nomen  lulo.— A.  I.  288.     mutatus  ab  illo  Hectore.— A.  II. 
274.     genus  a  Pallante  profectum.— A.  VIII.  51. 

y.  After  verb  and  subst.  of  beginning: 
ab  love  principium  [est]  mus?e.— E.  III.  60.     ab  love  princi- 
pium  generis  [est].— A.  VII.  219. 

8.  After  verb  of  naming: 
Chaoniamque  omnem  Trioano  a  Chaone  dixit. — A.  III.  325. 

€.  After  verb  and  subst.  of  origin: 
mi  genus  [est]  ab  love. — A.  VI.  123. 

f.  After  subst.  denoting  origin: 
quaero  patriam  et  genus  ab  love. — A.  I.  380.     genus  omne 
futurae  stirpis  ab  Ascanio. — A.  VIII.  629. 

Yj.  With  passive  verb  or  particip.,  denoting  agent: 
love  missus  ab  ipso.— A.  IV.  356.     love  missus  ab  ipso.— A. 
IV.  377.    vincor  ab  Aenea. — A.  VII.  310. 

6.  After  adj.  denoting  a  series: 
omnes  a  Belo  soliti. — A.  I.  730. 

B.    Pronouns  referring  to  persons  : 
a.  With  verbs  of  real  motion — active: 
a  me  illos  abducere.— E.  II.  43.     redit  a  nobis  Aurora.— G.  I. 
249. 

p.  After  verbs  of  origin:    a.  Idea  of  origin  being  perfectly  clear: 
Claudia  nunc  a  quo  diffunditur  et  tribus  et  gens  per  Latium. 
—A.  VII.  708.     qui  nascentur  ab  illo.— G.  I.  434.     qui  nascentur 
ab  illis.— A.  III.  98. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


51 


b.  Idea  of  origin  in  verb  not  so  clear: 

veniam  .    .    .  oremus  ab  ipso.— A.  XI.  358.    ab  ipsa  Ida  faces 
.    .    .  praebebat  alumnis. — Cu.  311. 

y.  After  verb  and  subst.  of  beginning: 

genus  [est]  a  quo  principe  nostrum.— A.  III.  168.     a  te  prin- 
cipium [est].— E.  VIII.  II. 

8.  After  expression  of  naming: 
monte  ...  qui  nunc  Misenus  ab  illo  dicitur.— A.  VI.  234. 
a  quo  post  Itali  fluvium  cognomine  Thybrim  diximus.— A.  VIII. 
331.     ab  ea  nomen  posuisse  colonis. — A.  VII.  63.     domus  tenet  a 
quo  Sergia  nomen. — A.  V.  121. 

c.  After  adj.  denoting  series: 
ens  alter  ab  illo. — E.  V.  49. 

C.    Common  nouns  signifying  living  beings: 

a.  After  verbs  and  particip.  of  real  motion — active: 
veniens  ab  avo. — A.  IV.  258. 

^.  After  verbs  of  implied  motion — active: 
pacem  Troiano  ab  rege  petendum.— A.  XI.  230.     a  paupere 
plura  petebat.— M.  65.     poenas  inimico  a  fratre  recepi.— A.  IV. 
656.     victor  ab  Aurorae  populis  .    .    .  Aegyptum  viresque  Orien- 
tis  et  ultima  secum  Bactra  vehit. — A.  VIII.  686. 

y.  After  verb  of  protection: 
prohibent  a  matribus  haedos. — G.  III.  398. 

h.  After  verb  and  subst.  of  origin: 
quoi  genus  a  proavis  .    .    .  erat.— A.  XII.  225 . 
€.  After  passive  verb,  denoting  agent: 
confixi  a  sociis.— A.  II.  429.     urgemur  ab  hoste.— A.  X.  375. 

2.  Personifications:     With   passive   verbs,   particip,    or   adj., 

denoting  agent: 

portus  ab  euroo  fluctu  curvatus.— A.  III.  533.  libata  Achelois 
abamnelilia. — Co.  15.  zonae :  quarum  una  .  .  .  torrida  semper 
ab  igni. — G.  I.  234.     variatur  ab  herbis. — M.  106. 


52 


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OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


53 


ti' 


3.    Place  nouns  :    A.    Geographical  proper  names  : 

a.  After  verbs  and  particip.  of  real  motion: 

descendens  Dacus  ab  Histro.--G.  II.  497-     Argiva  phalanx 

.    .  navibus  ibat  a  Tenedo.— A.  11.  255.     procedit  Vesper  ab 

Oeta  — Cu.  203.     surgit  ab  Arpis  Tydides.— A.  X.  28.     ab  aetherio 

venit    Satumus    Olympc— A.    VIII.     319.     venientem    ignem 

quatiebat  ab  Oeta.— Ci.  350. 

p.  After  verbs  of  implied  motion — active: 
dictamnum  .    .    .  carpit  ab  Ida.— A.  XII.  412.     Lycia  comi- 
tantur  ab  alta.— A.  X.   126.     quos  mecum  ab  Troia  .    .    .  ex- 
tuleram.— A.  III.  149-     q^em   .    .    .  ab  Ida  .    .    .   rapuit  lovis 
armiger.— A.  V.  254.     sese  ref erebat  ab  Argis.- A .  VII .  286 . 

y.  After  verbs  of  implied  motion — passive: 
missus  ab  Argis.— A.  X.  779.    quos  .    .    .  ab  Troia  .    .    . 
per  sequora  vectos. — A.  VI.  335.  • 

8.  After  siibst.: 
a    Tenedo  .    .    .  angties    incumbunt    pelago.— A.    II.    203. 
pastor  ab  Amphryso. — G.  III.  2. 

€.  Adnominal  quaMer  of  subst.  expressed: 
lovis  coniunx  .    .    .  prospexit  ab  usque  Pachyno.— A.  VII. 
289. 

B.    Common  nouns: 

a.  After  verbs  of  real  motion — active: 

sese  a  moenibus  heros  .    .    .  adfert.— A.   III.   345-     vespere 

ab  atro  consurgunt  venti.— A.  V.  19.     decurrit  ab  arce.— A,  II. 

41.     vertice   montis   ab   alto   descendunt.— A.   VII.   674.     caelo 

descendit  ab  alto.— A.  VIII.  423.     a  flumine  .    .    .   descendere. 

A.    XL    449.     ab    equo    regina  .    .    .   desiluit— A.    XI.    499. 

destillat  ab  inguine  virus.— G.  III.  281 .  ducite  ab  urbe  domum. 
— E.  VIII.  68&C.  a  navibus  itis?— A.  II.  375-  i«i^  bellum 
.  .  .  ab  oris  .  .  .  Mezentius.— A.  VII.  647.  labuntur  ab 
aethere  pluma.— A.  XI.  724.  custodes  limine  ab  alto  praecedunt. 
—A.  VIII.  461.  Tyrrhena  ab  sede  profectum.— A.  VII.  209. 
ab  sede  profectum.— A.  VII.  255.  a  stabulis  .  .  .  recedunt. 
— G.  IV.  191.  ab  undis  se  recipit.— G.  IV.  403.  refugit  .  . 
ab  litore  templum— A.  III.  536.     surgens  a  puppi  ventus.— A. 


III.  130.  .surgens  a  puppi  ventus.— A.  V.  yyy.  ab  umbris 
mortalem  infernis  ad  lumina  surgere  vitae. — A.  VII.  770.  urget 
ab  alto  arboribus  .  .  .  notus. — G.  I.  443.  gurgite  ab  alto 
urgueri  volucrum  ...  ad  litora  nubem.— A.  VII.  704.  [navis] 
tris  Eurus  ab  alto  in  brevia  .  .  .  urguet.— A.  I.  no.  ab  urbe 
venit.— E.  VIII.  109.  Troiae  .  .  ab  oris  Italiam  .  .  .  venit. 
— A.  I.  I.  quibus  .  .  .  venistis  ab  oris? — A.  I.  369.  quibus 
Hector  ab  oris  .  .  .  venis?— A.  II.  282.  ictum  venientem  a 
vertice  velox  praevidit.— A.  V.  444 .  ab  aethere  f ulgor  cum  sonitu 
venit. — A.  VIII.  524.  ab  occasu  veniens  .  .  .  verberat  imber 
humum. — A.  IX.  668.  nee  sonitus  memor  aut  venientis  ab 
aethere  teli. — A.  XI.  802.  vidit  ab  adverso  venientis  aggere — A 
XII.  446. 

fi.  After  verbs  and  particip.  of  real  motion,  passive-— result  of 

motion: 

delapsus  Somnus  ab  astris.— A.  V.  838.  dereptum  .  .  ab 
equo.— A.  XI.  743.  depulsus  ab  ubere  matris.— G.  III.  187.  ab 
ubere  raptos.— A.  VI.  428.  matris  ab  ubere  raptum.— A.  VII. 
484.     a  navibus  ignis  .    .    .   repulsos. — Cu.  302. 

y.  After  verbs  of  implied  motion — active: 
quattuor  a  stabulis  praestanti  corpore  tauros  avertit. — ^A.  VIII. 
207.  socios  .  .  .  litore  ab  omni  advocat  Aeneas. — A.  V.  43. 
ab  humo  .  .  .  attollit  amicum. — A.  V.  452.  Allecto  dirarum 
ab  sede  dearum  .  .  .  ciet.— A.  VII.  324.  agmen  ciet  Ocnus 
ab  oris. — A.  X.  198.  manus  .  .  .  comitetur  ab  oris  Aenean. 
— A.  X.  164.  a  terra  moveat  convellere  funem. — G.  I.  457.  ab 
humo  convellere  silvam.— A.  III.  24.  torrem  .  .  .  ab  ara  cor- 
ripit. — A.  XII..  298.  avem  caelo  deiecit  ab  alto. — A.  V.  542. 
genitum  demittit  ab  alto.— A.  I.  297.  demisit  ab  aethere  .  .  . 
luppiter.— A.  XII.  853.  Menoeten  ...  in  mare  .  .  .  puppi 
deturbat  ab  alta. — A.  V.  175.  ea  vox  .  .  .  primamque  loquentis 
aboreeripuitpater.—A.  VII.  118.  ensem  .  .  .  eripit  a  femine. 
— A.  X.  788.  totam  ...  a  sedibus  urbem  eruit. — A.  II.  611. 
a  vertice  pontus  in  puppim  ferit. — A.  I.  114.  ab  urbe  legati  re- 
sponsa  ferunt.— A.  XL  226.  gurgite  ab  alto  .  .  .  glomerantur 
aves.— A.  VI,  310.  tempestas  a  vertice  silvis  incubuit.— G.  II. 
310.  aquilo  .  .  .  ab  oris  incubuit.— G.  III.  196.  ab  alto 
aethere  se  misit.— A.  IX.  644.  custodem  in  vincla  petivit  ipsius 
a  solio  regis,  traxitque  trementem.— A.  VI.  396.     a  portu  diversa 


$4 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


Br 


petamus.— A.  VII.  132.  agnum  Martius  a  stabulis  rapuit  lupus. 
—A.  IX.  566.  a  flumine  reice.— E.  III.  96.  te  restitui  .  .  . 
leti  iam  lumine  ab  ipso.— Cu.  224.  telumque  alta  ab  radice 
revellit.— A.  XII.  787.  revocat  .  .  pedem  Tiberinus  ab  alto. 
—A.  IX.  125.  ab  litore  funem  rumpite.— A.  III.  639.  totum 
.  .  a  sedibus  imis  .  .  .  ruunt.— A.  I.  84.  ruit  alto  a  culmine 
Troia. — A.  II.  290.  ruit  .  .  .  diversa  clamor  ab  urbe.— A.  XII. 
621.  sternit  ...  a  culmine  Troiam.— A.  II.  603.  solio  se 
tollit  ab  alto.— A.  VIII.  541.  imo  .  .  .  trahens  a  pectore 
vocem.— A.  I.  371.  trahebatur  ...  a  templo  Cassandra  ady- 
tisque  Minervse.- A.  II.  404.  adytis  cum  lubricus  anguis  ab 
imis  .  .  .  volumina  traxit.— A.  V.  84.  a  solio  regis  traxit. 
—A.  VI.  396.  regnum  .  .  .  ab  sede  Lavini  transferet — A.  I. 
270.  postis  ...  a  cardine  vellit.— A.  II.  480.  vertere  ab  imo 
.  .  .  moenia  Troise.— A.  V.  810.  a  navibus  agmen  .  .  . 
vocat. — A.  II.  613. 

8.  After  verbs  of  implied  motion — passive: 

attractus  ab  alto  spiritus.— G.  III.  505  •  demissa  ab  Iseva 
pantherse  terga.— A.  VIII.  460.  ereptus  ab  undis.— A.  I.  596. 
segetem  ab  radicibus  imis  sublimem  expulsam  eruerent. — G.  I. 
319.  Boreas  .  .  .  ab  sede  Pelori  missus  adest. — A.  III.  687. 
deus  sethere  missus  ab  alto.— A.  IV.  574 .  caput  a  cervice  revol- 
sum. — G.  IV.  523. 

€.  After  verbs  of  tnetaphorical  motion: 

ab  ore  scintillse  absistunt.— A.  XII.  loi .     ab  .    .  conclamat 
mole  Caicus.— A.  IX.  35.     conclamat  ab  agmine.— A.  IX.  375. 
puppi  Palinurus  ab  alta  [dixit].— A.  V.  12.     gemitum  dat  pectore 
ab  imo.— A.  I.  485.     dat  signum  specula  Misenus  ab  alta.— A. 
III.  239.     Nereis  ab  unda  signa  dabat.— Cu.  345.     belli  signum 
.    .    .  Turnus  ab  arce  extulit.— A.  VIII.  i.     Aeneas  puppi  sic 
fatur  ab  alta.— A.  VIII.  115.     capite  a  summo  regis  .    .    .   fron- 
debant  tempora. — Ci.  120.     aethere  ab  alto  Aurora  .    .    .   fulge- 
bat. — A.  VII.  25.     fundit  .    .  preces  rex  pectore  ab  imo. — A.  VI. 
55.     gemere  .    .    .  ab  ulmo.— E.   I.    58.     hauriat  hunc  oculis 
ignem  crudelis  ab  alto. — A.  IV.  661 .     solio  rex  infit  ab  alto. — A. 
XL  301 .     pater  omnipotens  ter  cselo  clarus  ab  alto  intonuit. — A. 
VII.   141.     monuisset  ab  ilice  cornix. — E.   IX.    15.     toro  pater 
Aeneas  sic  orsus  ab  alto — A.  II.  2.     pater  omnipotens   .    .  osten- 
dit  ab  aethere  nubem. — A.  VII.  143.     (praedixit  ab  ilice  comix. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon.  55 

— E.  1.  18).     pullulat  ab  radice  .    .    .   silva,  ut  cerasis  ulmisque. 
— G.  II.  17. 

f.  After  verbs  containing  compound  idea  of  rest  and  motion: 
absint  ...  a  stabulis. — G.  IV.  14.  generos  .  .  .  adfore 
ab  oris. — A.  VII.  270.  adsum  dirarum  ab  sede  sororum. — A. 
VII.  454.  teneram  ab  radice  ferens  .  .  .  cupressum.— G.  I. 
20.  telum  librabat  ab  aure.— A.  IX.  417.  nodum  .  .  .  leti 
trabenectitabalta.— A.  XII.  603.  via  prima  salutis  .  .  .  Graia 
pandetur  ab  urbe.— A.  VI.  97.  a  mento  palearia  pendent.— G. 
III.  53.  pendetque  .  .  .  narrantis  ab  ore.— A,  IV.  79.  malo 
pendebat  ab  alto.— A.  V.  511.  tigridis  exuviae  per  dorsum  a 
vertice  pendent.— A.  XL  577.  religavit  ab  aggere  classem.— A. 
VII.  106.  asper  aut  rubus  a  meo  sint  remota  sacello. — Ca.  IIL* 
8.     malo  suspendit  ab  alto. — ^A.  V.  489. 

17.  After  particip.  denoting  release: 
resoluta  ab  litore  classis. — Ci.  459. 

0.  After  verbs  denoting  protection: 

fucos  ...  a  praesepibus  arcent. — G.  IV.  168.  fucos  .  .  . 
a  praesepibus  arcent.— A.  1.  435 .  prohibe  ...  a  navibus  ignis. 
— A.  1.  525.     sustinet  a  iugulo  dextram. — ^A.  XL  750. 

t.  Adnominal  qualifier  of  subst. :  a.  expressed: 
ab  ovilibus  imbuet  agnus. — E.  1.  8.  saxo  sacer  ales  ab  alto 
consequitur  pinnis  sublimem  in  nube  columbam. — A.  XL  721. 
hie  dea  se  .  .  .  sistit  et  Arruntem  tumulo  speculatur  ab  alto. 
—A.  XL  853.  utque  leo,  specula  cum  vidit  ab  alta.— A.  X.  454. 
addam  .  .  .  triumphatas  utroque  ab  litore  gentes.— G.  III.  33. 
navita  quos  .  .  .  Stygia  prospexit  ab  unda— A.  VI.  385 .  hinc 
tibi,  quae  semper,  vicino  ab  limite  saepes  .  .  .  saepe  levi  somnum 
suadebit  inire  susurro.— E.  I.  53.  a  fontibus  undae  .  .  .  cal- 
centur.— G.  11.  243 .  quibus  omnis  ab  alto  frangitur  .  .  .  unda. 
— A.  1.  160. 

b.  not  expressed: 
caelo  .    .    .  miseratus    ab   alto    est.— A.    V.    y2y,     ab    rupe 
Cyclopas  prospicio.— A.  III.  647.     poteram  ab  terra  contingere 
ramos.— E.  VIII.  40.     prospexi  Italiam  summa  sublimis  ab  unda. 
-A.  VI.  357. 


56 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


57 


f.' 


I' 


K.  After  adj.  of  place: 
aversus  equos  Tyria  Sol  iungit  ab  urbe. — A.  I.  568 
conixus  ab  aggere  dexter  occupat. — A.  IX.  769. 


gladio 


X.  After  adverb  of  place: 
procul  a  patria  .   .    .  frigora  Rheni  .    .    .  vides. — E.  X.  46. 

4.    Time  nouns:    a,  Ab=' starting  with' : 

pater  primis  hue  misit  ab  annis. — A.  II.  87.  primis  et  te  mire- 
tur  ab  annis. — A.  VIII.  517.  neve  hsec  nostris  spectentur  ab 
annis,  quae  ferimus.— A.  IX.  235.  primis  extemplo  a  mensibus 
anni  .    .    .  invortant  tauri. — G.  I.  64. 

p.  AdnominaJ  qualifier: 
esset  par  setas  et  idem  si  robur  ab  annis. — A.  XI.  174. 

5.    Other  common   nouns:    a.  After  verbs  and  particip.  of 

real  motion: 

abduxere  .  .  .  capita  ardua  ab  ictu. — A.  V.  428.  neque  ab 
ordine  cedunt. — A.  III.  447.  tunsa  ceres  silicum  rapido  decurrit 
ab  ictu — M.  2y.  ab  hasta  defringit  ferrum. — A.  XI.  747.  stirpi- 
bus  exit  ab  imis. — G.  II.  53.  socios  a  morte  reduxi. — A.  IV.  375. 
pulvere  ab  alto  quom  venit  .    .    .  viator. — G.  IV.  96. 

fi.  After  verbs  and  particip.  denoting  residt  of  motion — passive 

motion: 

aversum  a  lumine. — G.  IV.  423.  stabula  a  ventis  ...  ad 
medium  conversa  diem. — G.  III.  302.  satus  Anchisa  delectos 
ordine  ab  omni  .  .  .  oratores  ...  ire  iubet. — ^A.  VII.  152. 
depulsos  a  lacte  .  .  .  agnos. — E.  VII.  15.  virgo  .  .  .  a  morte 
recepta. — Ci.  517. 

y.  After  verbs  of  implied  motion : 
liceat  dimittere  ab  armis  .  .  Ascanium. — A.  X.  46.  lutur- 
nam  .  .  .  parat  fratris  dimittere  ab  armis. — A.  XII.  844. 
fragor  est  a  turbine. — Cu.  318.  revocatum  a  morte  Dareta. — A. 
V.  476.  genus  amborum  scindit  se  sanguine  ab  uno. — A.  VIII. 
142. 


8.  After  verbs  and  particip.  of  metaphorical  motion: 

a  prima,  die,  hospes,  origine  nobis  insidias  .  .  .  Danaum. 
— A.  I.  753.  crimine  ab  uno  disce  omnis. — A.  II.  65.  progeniem 
.  .  .  Troiano  a  sanguine  duci. — A.  I.  19.  series  .  .  .  rerum 
per  tot  ducta  viros  antiqua  ab  origine  gentis. — A.  I.  642.  genus 
a  quo  nomine  Memmi  [est].— A.  V.  117.  hinc  fore  ductores 
revocato  a  sanguine  Teucri. — A.  I.  235.  Troiano  .  .  [est]  a 
sanguine  clarus  Acestes. — A.  I.  550.  seque  ortum  .  .  .  Teucro- 
rum  a  stirpe  volebat. — A.  I.  626.  genus  alto  a  sanguine  Teucri 
proderet.— A.  IV.  2.^0.  repetens  ab  origine  famam.— G.  IV.  286. 
repetens  ab  origine  pergam. — A.  I.  372. 

€.  After  verbs  containing  compound  idea  of  rest  and  motion: 
Tithoni  prima  quot  abest  ab  origine  Caesar. — G.  III.  48. 

f.  After  verbs  signifying  'refrain  from': 

a  curvis  male  temperat  unda  carinis. — G.  I.  360.  temperet  a 
lacrimis? — A.  II.  8. 

rj.  After  verbs  denoting  protection: 
defendo  a  frigore  myrtos. — E.  VII.  6. 

6.  After  verbs  and  particip.  signifying  'protected': 

portus  ab  accessu  ventorum  immotus. — A.  III.  570.  servatae 
a  peste  carinae.— A.  V.  699.  Alcestis  ab  omni  inviolata  vacat 
cura. — Cu.  262.  vitam  .  .  .  ab  omni  vindicabimus  cura. — Ca. 
V.  (VII.)  10. 

I.  After  verb  of  origin: 
ab  integro  saeculorum  nascitur  ordo. — E.  IV.  5. 

K.  After  subst.  denoting  origin: 

genus  alto  a  sanguine  divom.— A.  V.  45.  genus  alto  a  san- 
guine Teucri. — A.  VI.  500. 

X.  After  subst.: 

iugalis  semine  ab  aetherio  [iubet  duci].— A.  VII.  281.     a  stirpe 
nepotes.— A.  VII.  99 .     vestibulo  astabant,  aliique  ab  origine  reges 
—A.  VII.  181. 


58 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


1 

:t    I 


W: 


i^;i 


fl.  After  adj.  denoting  series: 
alter  ab  Arcadio  .    .    .  sanguine. — A.  V.  299.     alter  ab  un- 
decimo  turn  me  iam  acceperat  annus. — E.  VIII.  39.     durum  a 
stirpe   genus  natos   ad   flumina  .    .    .   deferimus. — A.    IX.   603. 
recens  a  volnere  Dido  errabat. — A.  VI.  450. 

6.     In  phrases: 

Corripiunt  .  .  .  cunctamque  ab  origine  gentem. — G.  III.  473. 
iam  inde  a  teneris  impende  laborem. — G.  III.  74.  currus  a  tergo 
torqueat— G.  I.  174.  a  tergo  albescere  tractus. — G.  I.  367.  a 
tergo  horrebis  Hiberos. — G.  III.  408.  armenta  secuntur  a  tergo. 
—A.  I.  186.  postes  .  .  .  relicti  a  tergo.— A.  II.  455.  a  tergo 
respicit  anguis. — A.  VIII.  697.  manus  se  attollere  nobis  a  tergo 
possit. — A.  IX.  322.  oppositis  a  tergo  involvitur  aris. — A.  XII. 
292.  huic  a  stirpe  pedes  temo  protentus  in  octo. — G.  I.  171-  ^ 
stirpe  valent. — G.  II.  312.  a  stirpe  parentum  prima  tulit  tellus. 
— A.  III.  94.  a  stirpe  fores  geminis  coniunctus  Atridis. — A. 
VIII.  130.  addunt,  quattuor  a  ventis  obliqua  luce  fenestras. 
— G.  IV.  298. 

This  article  and  the  accompanying  chart  attempt  not  simply 
to  g^ve  a  logical  arrangement  of  a  or  ab,  but  more  than  that,  to 

show  just  what  there  is  in  the  sentence  which  leads 
Comment  on  ^"^  *^  assign  this  or  that  meaning  to  the  word.  I 
the  logical  intended  to  bring  out  here  more  strongly  than  is 
arrangement,   usually  done  the  importance  which  attaches  to  the 

noun  of  the  phrase  in  the  determination  of  the 
semantic  force  of  the  preposition. 

To  discover  how  important  the  noun  in  the  phrase  is,  let  us 
look,  for  example,  at  all  the  examples  of  mittere  in  the  passive  in 
this  article. 

love  missus  ab  ipso,  A.  IV.  356 ;  love  missus  ah  ipso,  A.  IV. 
377;  missus  ab  Argis,  A.  X.  779;  Boreas  .  .  ,  ab  sede  Pelori 
missus  adest,  A.  III.  687 ;  deus  aethere  missus  ab  alto,  A.  IV.  574. 
A  glance  at  these  shows  us  that,  if  the  substantive  in  the  phrase  is 
the  name  of  a  person,  ab  denotes  the  agent;  but  if  it  is  a  place 
noun,  ab  means  "from,"  "away  from,"  or  "down  from"  in  the  case 
of  aethere,  because  this  means  "the  sky."  A  little  change  in  this 
last  example  might  have  substituted  love  for  aethere,  and  this 
would  have  changed  the  meaning  of  ab  from  "down  from"  to  "by." 

Again,  in  urgemur  ab  hoste,  A.  X.  375,  haste  refers  to  persons, 
so  ab  denotes  agent ;  but  in  gurgite  ab  alto  urgueri  volucrum  .    .    . 


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ad  litora  nubem,  A.  VII.  704,  the  same  verb  is  used  and  in  the 
passive,  but  gurgite  shows  that  ab  means  "from."  Add  to  this 
the  great  number  of  time  phrases,  like  ab  annis  and  of 
phrases  like  a  stirpe  and  a  tergo  where  the  verb  has  nothing  to  do 
with  the  meaning,  and  we  see  clearly  that  the  substantive  ought 
to  be  considered  in  our  arrangement.  Therefore,  I  first  divided 
the  examples  according  to  the  substantives  in  the  phrases,  and 
then  within  these  divisions  I  arranged  the  examples  according 
to  the  verbs,  substantives,  or  adjectives  upon  which  the  phrases 
depend. 

In  regard  to  most  of  the  subdivisions  given  above  it  is  un- 
necessary to  speak  at  length.  The  heading  "After  verbs  of  real 
motion"  is  found  in  all  the  logical  lexicons  in  the  form  "suspensiim 
ex  verbis  movendi."  It  may  be  remarked  in  passing  that  in 
Vergil's  mind  refugit,  in  refugit  ab  litore  templum,  A.  III.  536, 
was  probably  just  as  much  a  verb  of  motion  as  if  some  other  word 
were  its  subject.  It  really  seemed  to  Aeneas  and  his  men  that 
the  temple  receded,  moved  back,  from  the  shore  as  they 
approached. 

The  heading  "Time  nouns"  corresponds  to  that  in  the  logical 
lexicons  ''de  tempore,"  while  the  heading  "In  phrases" 
corresponds  to  ''absolute  positum,  in  formidis  quibusdam  quae 
locum  quo  significant/'  Here,  of  course,  they  must  regard  the 
noun  of  the  phrase,  for  there  is  no  verb  that  affects  the  con- 
struction. 

Also,  the  heading  "After  verbs  denoting  protection"  calls  for 
no  extended  comment.  For  example,  a  word  of  defending  is 
naturally  followed  by  a  or  ab  meaning  "from,"  as  in  E.  VII.  6, 
defendo  a  frigore  myrtos. 

As  we  have  a  great  class  of  verbs  denoting  active  motion,  so 
there  is  another  smaller  class  of  verbs  of  real  motion  which 
express  passive  motion,  that  is,  the  result  of  motion.  Cf .  Delbriick 
on  perfektische  Aktionsart  in  his  Vergleich.  Syntax,  II.,  p.  177. 
In  depulsus  ab  ubere  matris,  G.  III.  187,  depulsus  shows  clearly 
that  the  colt  has  been  separated  from  its  dam.  Again,  in  delapsus 
Somnus  ab  astris,  A.  V.  838,  the  god  of  sleep  has  just  reached 
the  side  of  Palinurus,  "having  glided  down  from  the  stars."  The 
motion  is  over  and  the  end  of  the  journey  reached,  i.e,,  the  result 
of  motion  is  clearlv  expressed. 

A  few  examples  will  justify  the  heading  "After  verbs  of 
implied  motion."    In  A.  V.  43,  socios  litore  ab  omni  advocat 


» .Hi 


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Aeneas,  advocat  could  hardly  be  called  a  verb  of  motion,  but  in 
meaning  it  really  differs  little  from  *'he  leads*'  his  men  to  the 
place  of  assembly.  This  impHes  that  "he  goes"  followed  by  his 
men,  so  advocat  may  be  said  to  imply  motion.  Much  the  same 
meaning  is  expressed  by  ciet  in  agmen  ciet  Ocnus  ah  oris,  A.  X. 
198.  "Ocnus  rouses  a  band  from  his  native  shores"  means,  of 
course,  that  "he  leads"  them  to  the  war,  and  implies  motion. 
Demittere,  for  example,  is  not  a  motion  verb  of  itself,  but  it  clearly 
implies  motion.  Vid,  A.  I.  297,  genitum  demittit  ah  alto.  Much 
like  this  is  reicere  in  a  Hiimine  reice,  E.  III.  96. 

Moreover,  "to  draw  one's  voice  deep  from  his  breast"  implies 
motion  on  the  part  of  the  voice  or  the  air  which  produces  the 
sound.  Vid,  imo  trahens  a  pectore  vocem,  A.  I.  371.  Est  is  cer- 
tainly not  often  a  verb  of  motion,  but  in  the  sentence  frag  or  est  a 
turhine,  Cu.  318,  being  reinforced  by  fragor,  "there  is  a  crash,  a 
noise,"  est  seems  not  to  differ  much  from  venit.  Vid.  A.  VIII.  524, 
ah  aetfvere  fulgor  cum  sonitu  venit.  So  est  may  here  be  said  to 
imply  motion. 

In  A.  IV.  656,  poenas  inimico  a  fratre  recepi,  of  course  the 
Latin  point  of  view  is  not  the  same  as  the  English,  but  Dido 
speaks  of  "taking  punishment  from  her  brother."  "To  take" 
implies  motion. 

With  this  cf.  restitui  in  Cu.  224,  restitui  leti  limine  ah  ipso,  "I 
restored  them,"  "I  took  them  back,"  which  is  much  the  same  as 
"I  led  them  back."  This  in  turn  suggests  a  comparison  with  A. 
IV.  375,  socios  a  morte  reduxi,  and  we  see  that,  so  far  as  the  idea 
of  motion  is  concerned,  recepi,  restitui  and  reduxi  differ  little. 
Therefore,  recepi  belongs  to  this  class. 

This  class  is  also  well  illustrated  by  the  two  following  ex- 
amples :  Lycia  comitantur  ah  alt  a,  A.  X.  126,  and  manus  comi- 
tctur  ah  oris  Aenean,  A.  X.  164,  for  "to  accompany"  means  "to 
go  along  with."  Two  other  good  examples  are :  pacem  Troiano 
ah  rege  petendum,  A.  XI.  230,  and  custodem  in  vincla  petivit 
ipsius  a  solio  regis,  traxitque  trementem,  A.  VI.  396.  Clearly  in 
Vergil's  mind  petere  was  at  least  a  verb  of  implied  motion,  for  it 
is  here  followed  not  only  by  a  solio  but  by  in  vincla.  Any  verb 
that  can  be  followed  by  in  vincla,  the  ace,  must  denote  motion,  or 
miply  motion.  Then,  too,  traxit  is  followed  by  a  solio  just  as 
clearly  as  petivit  is  and  traxit  undoubtedly  implies  motion.  More- 
over, "to  seek"  is  equivalent  "to  go  in  search  of." 


In  the  examples  given  under  the  heading  "After  verbs  of 
metaphorical  motion,"  we  can  hardly  say  that  there  is  any  real 
motion.  Many  of  the  examples  are  like  this :  ah  conclamat  mole 
Caicus,  A.  IX.  35,  "he  shouts  down  from,"  where  the  only  motion 
takes  place  in  the  sound  waves,  but  this  is  certainly  a  kind  of 
motion.  Other  similar  examples  are  the  following:  Nereis  ah 
unda  sigm  dahat,  Cu.  345,  and  Aeneas  pup  pi  sic  fatur  ab  alta, 
A.  VIII.  115.  So,  too,  "going  back  to  the  beginning  and  telHng 
the  story  from  that  point"  expresses  some  sort  of  motion: 
repetens  ah  origine  per  gam,  A.  I.  372. 

Finally,  in  A.  I.  235,  hinc  fore  ductores  revocato  a  sanguine, 
''fore  ductores/'  "there  would  he  leaders"  means  that  "leaders 
would  come/'  but  "to  come"  followed  by  a  sanguine  can  denote 
motion  only  in  a  figurative  sense.  Therefore,  "metaphorical 
motion"  seems  to  apply  very  well  to  these  examples,  though  all 
of  them  might  have  been  classed  in  some  other  way. 

The  classification  "After  verbs  containing  a  compound  idea 
of  rest  and  motion"  is  well  illustrated  by  absint  terga  lacerti 
pinguihiis  a  stahiilis,  G.  IV.  14,  "let  all  lizards  be  far  away  from 
the  bee-hives."  The  lizards  are  to  be  driven  to  a  distance  (mo- 
tion) and  then  kept  there  (rest).  The  ordinary  logical  classi- 
fication is  simpler  than  this,  making  a  special  paragraph  for 
**esse"  and  another  for  ''ahesse"  A  second  example  in  which 
the  idea  is  very  similar  to  the  one  above  is  Ca.  III.*  8,  asper  aut 
rtibus  a  meo  sint  remota  sacello. 

In  teneram  ah  radice  ferens  cupressum,  G.  I.  20,  ferre  with 
ah  radice  seems  also  to  express  both  ideas  of  rest  and  motion. 
That  ah  radice  can  be  used  after  a  verb  implying  motion  is  seen 
in  G.  I.  319,  segetem  ah  radicihus  expulsam. 

Finally,  in  a  mento  palearia  pendent,  G.  III.  53,  "the  dewlaps 
hang  down  from  the  chin,"  there  seems  to  be  some  idea  of  motion 
in  pendere,  "to  hang  down,"  "to  drop  down,"  and  also  an  idea  of 
rest  is  certainly  prominent.  That  pendere  does  contain  an  idea 
of  motion  we  can  see  by  comparing  A.  VIII.  460,  demissa  ah  laeva 
pantherae  terga.  Pendet  a  is  practically  equivalent  to  demissa 
est  a. 

Under  slightly  different  names  all  the  lexicons  have  the  classi- 
fications "Adnominal  qualifier  of  a  substantive,"  "After  adjectives" 
and  "After  adverbs."  In  the  adnominal  qualifiers  of  a  substan- 
tive, I  have  distinguished  between  those  cases  in  which  the  sub- 
stantive is  expressed  and  those  in  which  it  is  not.     In  case  the 


^vi 


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■  ■'•! 
II'  '■' 


substantive  is  expressed,  the  Latin  construction  resembles  the 
Greek  6  c/cct  dvrjp.  For  instance,  in  ab  ovilihus  imbuet  agnus,  E. 
L  8,  the  verb  has,  of  course,  no  power  to  produce  an  a,  but  the 
meaning  is  ''a  lamb  from  my  folds/'  So,  too,  a  fottibus  imdae 
calcentur  means  "water  from  the  springs,"  G.  IL  243. 

The  "Adnominal  qualifier  of  a  substantive  understood"  re- 
sembles the  Greek  expression  6  «€?•  [avrjp].  In  ab  rupe  Cyclopas 
prospicio,  A.  IIL  647,  the  meaning  is  '7  fro7n  a  cliff,"  "from  my 
position  on  the  cliff."  That  is,  ab  rupe  modifies  the  unexpressed 
subject  of  prospicio.  Achemenides  is  hiding  behind  the  rocks 
while  the  Cyclopes  are  tending  their  flocks  in  the  plain  below.  A 
different  modification  is  shown  by  de  in  E.  L  76,  pendere  procul 
de  rape  videbo,  where  Meliboeus  speaks  of  himself  as  lying  in  a 
green  cave  and  watching  his  goats  as  they  hang  from  a  bushy 
crag.  Another  good  example  of  this  class  is  poteram  ab  terra 
contingere  ramos,  E.  VIIL  40,  *7  from  the  ground  was  hardly 
able  to  reach  the  boughs."  Ab  terra  cannot  go  with  any  verb  or 
noun  expressed,  but  it  must  modify  the  subject  of  posse. 

A  very  good  short  essay  on  ab  in  Vergil  is  given  by  Wagner 
in  the  fourth  volume  of  the  Heyne-Wagner  edition,  page  387. 
I  quote  the  first  twelve  lines:  ''Ab  ante  consonas  apud  VirgiUum 
non  legitur,  nisi  quum  ea  Praepositio  locum  et  originem  indicat 
idemque  valet,  quod  Grsecum  airo,  Numquam  autem  Passivis  ab 
lungitur  ita,  ut  sit  oiro.  Quare  erret,  qui  Aen.  II,  429.  ex  Burm. 
Exc.  edendum  statuat :  "Confixi  ab  sociis."  Sed  ne  tum  quidem, 
quum  ilia  Praepositio  Graecse  aTro  vim  sustinet,  semper  abs  scribitur ; 
requirit  enim  ea  non  solum  certas  quasdam  consonas,  sed  etiam 
vocabula.  Itaque  non  solet  ab  ante  alias  consonas  apud  Virgilium 
scribi,  quam  ante  I,  L,  R,  S  et  T,  neque  ante  alia  vocabula,  quam 
hsec,  quae  appositurus  sum:  love  Eel.  Ill,  60.  G.  Ill,  35.  Aen. 
I,  380.  VI,  123;  litore  G.  Ill,  33.  Aen.  Ill,  536,  hoc  quidem  loco 
Medic,  a.  m.  sec,  ibid.  639.  XII,  787." 

In  conclusion  I  would  say  that  in  this  article  I  have  ex- 
perienced all  the  difficulty  described  by  Meusel  in  his  preface, 
which  is  quoted  above  on  page  14.  After  working  for  several 
days  on  the  classification  and  arrangement  of  the  examples,  I 
seemed  to  have  them  arranged  in  a  fairly  satisfactory  way.  After 
putting  them  aside  for  one  day,  I  returned  to  them  and  I  found 
it  necessary,  as  I  saw  the  matter  then,  to  make  many  changes. 
I  was  now  pretty  well  satisfied  that  the  verbs  were  properly 
classified.    Then  for  nearly  four  weeks  I  was  unable  to  look  at 


the  cards  or  to  think  about  them.  At  the  end  of  that  time  I 
took  up  the  cards  again,  and  again  I  was  compelled  to  change 
the  positions  of  many  examples.  Finally,  after  writing  out  the 
article  I  felt  obliged  to  make  a  few  more  changes. 

The  arrangement  given  above  represents  my  opinion  as  to 
the  classification  at  present ;  but,  if  I  ever  have  occasion  to  revise 
the  article,  I  am  confident  that  I  shall  feel  obliged  to  change  a 
good  many  examples  from  "real  motion"  to  "implied  motion," 
or  from  "metaphorical  motion"  to  "adnominal  qualifier  of  a  sub- 
stantive expressed." 

Two  quotations  from  Delbruck  on  classification  are  pertinent 
here.  On  p.  151  of  his  Vergleich.  Syntax,  II.,  he  says:  "Die 
erste  lasst  sich  dahin  zusammenfassen,  dass  man  oft  nicht  sagen 
kann,  ob  eine  Praposition  in  der  Zusammensetzung  noch  etwas 
von  ihrer  ursprunglichen  raumlichen  Bedeutung  bewahrt,  oder  ob 
sie  bereits  vollig  zu  einem  Zeichen  der  Perfektivierung  der  Hand- 
lung  geworden  ist."  Again,  in  the  discussion  of  Mourek's  classi- 
fication of  the  Gothic  verbal  compounds  with  ga-  on  p.  159  he 
says :  "Natiirlich  kann  man  an  dieser  Eintheilung,  wie  an  alien 
Eintheilungen,  etwas  aussetzen,  namentlich  auch  die  Frage  auf- 
werfen,  ob  nicht  unter  den  angefiihrten  Belegen  manche  sind,  die 
besser  schon  als  perfektivisch  bezeichnet  werden.  Ich  gehe  in- 
dessen  darauf  nicht  ein,  weil  nach  dem  was  oben  S.  I47ff.  bei  lat. 
com  bemerkt  worden  ist  eine  Entscheidung  nach  objektiven  Kri- 
tcrien  nicht  moglich  ist." 

The  chart,  with  the  principal  words  in  the  prepositional  phrases 
arranged  on  the  left  and  the  words  on  which  the  phrases  depend 
classified  at  the  top,  is  intended  to  show  at  a  glance  just  where 
the  substantives  in  the  phrases  and  the  verbs,  substantives,  ad- 
jectives, or  adverbs  on  which  the  phrases  depend  cross.  There- 
fore, it  will  show  at  a  glance  the  meaning  of  ab  in  each  particular 
phrase.  A  figure  on  the  chart  indicates  how  many  times  the  two 
words  cross. 

Amnis,  a  stream,  a  river,  the  current,  {62), 
I.     Form:  amnis,  G.  I.  115,  III.  522,  IV.  293,  373,  A.  IL  496, 
VI.  550,  659,  VII.  465,  516,  701,  VIII.  64,  240,  IX.  124,  XL  405; 

amnis,  G.  IV.  319,  A.  VII.  728!,  X.  199,  806;  amni,  A. 
IL  Amnis.    XL  316;  amnem,  E.  V.  25,  G.  I.  141,  IIL  Z7y  IV.  362, 

A.  IIL  694,  VI.  318,  374,  705,  VII.  792,  VIIL  58,  204, 
236,  597,  IX.  245,  XL  562,  XII.  417;  amni,  G.  I.  203,  IIL  447,  A. 


i'< 


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VIII.  473,  549,  IX.  4^f,  79ot,  XI.  457  (amne),  Cu.  240!,  Co.  15 
(amne)  ;  amnes,  G.  I.  479,  H.  187,  485,  HI.  428,  554,  A.  IV.  164, 
V  807  XII  524,  Cu.  278t,  28it,  D.  69;  amnibus,  A.  VIII.  71; 
amnis,  G.  IV.  233,  A.  V.  634t,  VI.  671,  XI.  298;  amnes,  G.  III.  2; 
amnibus,  A.  IX.  30. 


N.    G. 


Eel. 
Geo. 
Aen. 
Min. 
Total 


4 
10 

14 


I 
3 


Sing. 

D.  Ac. 

I 

3 
I     12 


V.  Ab.     N. 


•     Plu. 
G.   D.    Ac.  V.  Ab. 


I 
3 


16 


2  5 

5  3  I 

2  3 

9  II  I      4      I      I 

II.  Metric:  In  24  instances  amnis  is  found  in  various  parts 
of  the  verse,  while  it  forms  the  sixth  foot  38  times.  In  every  place 
where  amnis  stands  in  the  sixth  foot,  metrical  considerations  would 
prevent  the  use  of  £umen  or  rivus. 

III.     Usage: 
A.    Sing,     I.    Norn.    a.  Subj.: 
ambio: 

respicit  Aeneas :  subito  et  sub  rupe  sinistra 
moenia  lata  videt,  triplici  circumdata  muro, 
quae  rapidus  flammis  ambit  torrentibus  amnis, 
Tartareus  Phlegethon. 

audio : 

audiit  et  Triviae  longe  lacus,  audiitt  amnis 
sulpurea  Nar  albus  aqua  fontesque  Velini. 

cunctor : 

obstipuere  animist  Rutulit,  conterritus  ipse 
turbatist  Messapus  equis,  cunctatur  et  amnis 
rauca  sonans  revocatque  pedem  Tiberinus  ab  alto. 


A.  VI.  550. 


A.  VII.  516. 


A.  IX.  124. 


discurro : 

quaque  pharetratae  vicinia  Persidis  urguet, 
et  viridem  Aegyptum  nigra  f ecundat  harena, 
et  diversa  mens  septem  discurrit  in  orat 
usquet  coloratis  amnis  devexus  ab  Indis, 
omnis  in  hact  certamt  regio  iacitt  arte  salutem. 

effluo : 

spectabat 

et  gemina  auratus  taurino  comua  voltu 

Eridanus,  quo  non  alius  per  pinguia  culta 

in  mare  purpureum  violentior  effluit  amnis. 


G.  IV.  293. 


G.  IV.  373. 


G.  I.  115. 


exeo : 

praesertim  incertis  si  mensibus  amnis  abundans 
exit. 

non  sic,  aggeribus  ruptis  cum  spumeus  amnis 
exit  oppositasque  evicit  gurgite  moles.  A.  II.  496. 

exubero : 

furit  intus  aquait 
fumidus  atque  alte  spumis  exuberat  amnis, 
nee  iam  se  capit  unda,  volat  vapor  ater  ad  auras. 

f  -^         u  A.  VII.  465. 

luro :     via,  extibero. 

f  ugio : 

nunc  et  Myrmidonum  proceres  Phyrgia  arma  tremescunt, .  .  . 

amnis  et  Hadriacas  retro  fugit  Aufidus  undas.       A.  XI.  405. 
peto: 

nont  umbrae  altorum  nemorum,  non  mollia  possunt 
prata  movere  animum,  non  qui  per  saxa  volutus 
purior  electro  campum  petit  amnis.  G.  III.  522. 

refluo : 

inde  repente 
impulit,  impulsu  quo  maximus  intonatt  aether, 

dissultant  ripae  refluitque  exterritus  amnis.  A.  VIII.  240. 

sono: 

ceu  quondam  nivei  liquida  inter  flumina 

<P  niibila  MR  and  edd.>  cycni, 
cum  sese  e  pastu  referunt  et  longa  canoros 
dant  per  colla  modos,  sonat  amnis  et  Asia  longe 
pulsa  palus.  a.  VII.  701. 

volvo : 

conspicit  ecce  alios     . 

inter  odoratum  lauri  nemus,  unde  superne 

plurimus  Eridani  per  silvam  volvitur  amnis.  A.  VI.  659. 

fi.  In  app.: 

ego  sum,  pleno  quem  flumine  cemis   .    .    . 
caeruleus  Thybris,  caelo  gratissimus  amnis.  A.  VIII.  64. 

2.     Gen.     a.  Depend,  on  noun: 
pastor  Aristaeus  fugiens  Peneia  Tempe 
amissis,  ut  fama,  apibus  morboque  fameque 
tristis  ad  extremi  sacrumt  caput  adstitit  amnis 
multa  querens  atque  hac  adfatus  voce  parentem.     G.  IV.  319. 


66 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


i"f 


rU 


it[^ 


h'!: 


11  i 

Itii'i 
III 

p 

ill 


ille  etiam  patriis  agmen  ciet  Ocnus  ab  oris, 
fatidicse  Mantus  et  Tusci  filius  amnis. 
ac  velut  effusa  siquando  grandine  nimbi 
prsecipitant     .      .      .     tuta  latet  arcet  viator, 
aut  amnis  ripis,  aut  alti  fomice  saxi, 
dum  pluvit  in  terns. 


A.  X.  199. 


A.  X.  806. 


p.  In  app.: 
quos  de  coUibus  altis 
Auninci  misere  patrest,  Sidicinaque  iuxta 
aequora  quique  Cales  lincunt,  amnistque  vadosi 
accola  Volturni,  pariterque  Saticulus  asper 
Oscorumque  manus.  ^-  ^^^-  7^  • 

3.    Dai.: 
est  anticus  ager  Tusco  mihi  proximus  amni, 
longus  in  occasum. 

4.    Ace.    a.  In  app.: 
Alpheumt  fama  est  hue  Elidis  amnem 
occultas  egisse  vias  supter  mare.  A.  III.  694. 


A.  XI.  316. 


p,  Ohj.  of  verbs  and  particip.: 

aspicio : 

tu  Stygias  inhumatus  aquas  amnemque  severum 


A.  VI.  374. 


A.  IX.  245. 


Eumenidum  aspicies  ripamve  iniussus  adibis? 

cognosco : 

vidimus  obscuris  primam  sub  vallibus  urbem 
venatu  adsiduo  et  totum  cognovimus  amnem. 

fundo:  ...    a 

et  custos  virginis  Argus, 

caelataque  amnem  fundens  pater  Inachus  uma.      A.  VII.  792. 

inficio:  ,      .,      . 

hoc  fusum  labris  splendentibust  amnem 

inficitt  occulte  medicans. 

libo: 

nulla  nequet  amnem 

libavit  quadrupes,  nee  graminis  attigit  herbamt. 

tL,  V.  25. 

metuo : 

Invidia  infelix  furias  amnemque  severum 
Cocyti  metuens  <P  metuet  MR  Rb.  in  crit  ed.  & 

other  edd.> 


A.  XII.  417. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


67 


tortosque  Ixionis  anguist 

immanemque  rotam  et  non  exsuperabile  saxum.       G.  III.  37. 
praenato : 

interea  videt  Aeneas     . 

Lethaeumque  domos  placidas  qui  praenatat  amnem. 

A.  VI.  705. 
supersum : 

ipse  ego  te  ripis  et  rectot  flumine  ducam, 
adversum  remis  superes  subvectus  ut  amnem.        A.  VIII.  58. 
teneo : 

Alcides  aderat  taurosque  hac  victor  agebat 

ingentis,  vallemque  boves  amnemque  tenebant.    A.  VIII.  204. 
verbero : 

atque  alius  latum  funda  iam  verberat  amnem, 

alta  petens.  q.  I.  141. 

y.  With  prep.: 
ad: 

'die'  ait,  'o  virgo,  quid  volt  concursus  ad  amnem? 

quidve  petunt  animae?  A.  VI  318. 

in: 

banc,  ut  prona  iugo  laevom  incumbebat  in  <Rh.  ad  . 

others  >  amnem, 
dexter  in  adversum  nitens  concussit  et  imis 
avolsam  solvit  radicibus.  A.  VIII.  236. 

prope : 

est  ingens  gelidum  lucus  prope  Caeritis  amnem, 
religione  patrum  late  sacer.  A,  VIII.  597. 

sub: 

att  ilium 
curvata  in  montis  faciemt  circumstetitt  unda 

accepitque  sinu  vasto  misitque  sub  amnem.  G.  IV.  362. 

super: 

sonuere  undae,  rapidum  super  amnem 
infelix  fugit  in  iaculo  stridente  Camilla.  A.  XL  562. 

5.    AbL    a.  After  verbs: 
cingo : 

Aeneadae  duri  murorum  int  parte  sinistra 

opposuere  aciem  (nam  dextera  cingitur  amnit).     A.  IX.  469. 

Tumus  paulatim  excedere  pugna 

et  fluvium  petere  ac  partem,  quae  cingitur  unda 

<MPR  and  edd.  amni  3  cursives  > 

A.  IX.  790. 


.  Hi 


68 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


69 


r>>'  1 


^\i,i 


■'■1 
ll 


'I     * 


ciaudo: 

hinc  Tusco  claudimur  amni, 

hinc  Rutulus  premit  et  murum  circumsonatt  armist. 

A.  VIII.  473. 

uefluo:  .     . 

dulcibus  idcirco  fluviis  pecus  omne  magistn 
perfundunt,  udisque  aries  in  gurgite  villis 
mersatur  missusque  secundo  defluit  amni. 

pars  cetera  prona 
fertur  aqua  segnisque  secundo  defluit  amni, 
nuntia  ventura  Ascanio  rerumque  patrisque. 

do  sonitum: 

haut  secus  atque  alto  in  luco  cum  forte  catervse 
consedere  avium  piscosove  amne  Padusae 
dant  sonitum  rauci  per  stagna  loquacia  cycni. 

cxsto: 

ad  Stygias  revocatus  aquas  vix  ultimus  amnit 
extatt  nectareas  divom  qui  prodidit  escas. 

rapio : 

atque  illumt  prseceps  prono  rapit  alveus  amm. 


G.  III.  447- 


A.  VIII.  549. 


A.  XI.  457. 

Cu.  240. 
G.  I.  203. 


j3.  With  prep.: 
ett  quset  virgineo  libata  Achelois  ab  amne 
liliat  vimineist  attulit  in  calathis. 


Co.  15. 


B.    Plu.     I.    Nom.  siibj,: 

curro : 

aut  ubi  decursu  rapido  de  montibus  altis 

dant  sonitum  spumosi  amnes  et  in  sequora  currunt. 

A.  XII.  524. 

do:    vid.  curro, 

m 

gemo : 

milia  multa  darett  leto,  gemerentque  repleti 

amnes,  nee  reperire  viam  atque  <neque  P>  evolvere  posset 

in  mare  se  Xanthus.  A-  ^'  ^7- 

incurro:  ^  ^ 

incurrant  amnes  passim  rimantibust  undis.  -D.  09. 

liquor: 

et  fertilis  ubere  campus 
(qualem  saepe  cava  montis  convalle  solemus 
dispiceret ;  hoct  summis  liquuntur  rupibus  amnes 
felicemque  trahunt  limum).  G.  II.  187. 


G.  II.  485. 


G.  III.  428. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 

placeo : 

rura  mihi  et  riguit  placeant  in  vallibus  amnes, 
flumina  amem  silvasque  inglorius. 

rumpo: 

estt  etiam  ille  malus  Calabris  in  saltibus  anguis, 
qui,  dum  amnes  ulli  rumpuntur  fontibus  et  dum 
vere  madent  udo  terrae  act  pluvialibus  austris, 
stagna  colit. 

ruo: 

tecta  metu  petiere;  ruunt  de  montibus  amnes.         A.  IV.  164. 
sisto :  pecudesque  locutae, 

(infandum !)  sistunt  amnes  terraeque  dehiscunt.         G.  I.  479. 
sono: 

balatu  pecorum  et  crebris  mugitibus  amnes 

arentestque  sonant  ripae  collesque  supinit.  G.  III.  554. 

sto: 

iam  rapidi  steterant  amnest  et  turba  ferarum 

blandat  voce  sequax  regionem  insederatt  Orphei.         Cu.  278. 

iamque  imam  viridit  radicemt  moverat  alte 

quercus  humo  steterantt  amnest  silvaeque  sonoraet 

sponte  sua  cantus  rapiebantt  cortice  avara.  Cu.  281. 

2.    Dat: 
nymphae,  Laurentes  nymphae,  genus  amnibus  undestt, 
tuque,  o  Thybri  tuo  genitor  cum  flumine  sancto, 
accipite  Aenean.  a.  VIII.  71. 

3.    Ace.  ohj.: 
moror : 

ceu  saxa  morantur 

cum  rapidost  amnis,  fit  clauso  gurgite  murmur 

vicinaeque  fremunt  ripae  crepitantibus  undis.  A.  XI.  298. 

repello : 

bis  gravidos  cogunt  fetust,  duo  tempora  messis : 

Taugete  simul  os  terris  ostendit  honestum 

Pleas  et  Oceani  spretos  pede  reppulit  amnis.        G.  IV.  233. 
transno : 

illius  ergo 

venimus  et  magnos  erebi  transnavimust  amnis.      A.  VI.  671. 
video : 

nusquamt 
Hectoreos  amnist  Xanthum  et  Simoenta  videbo?    A.  V.  634. 


70 


The  Plan  and  Scope 

4.     Voc: 

Te  quoque,  magna  Pales,  et  te  memorande  canemus 

pastor  ab  Amphryso,  vos,  silvae  amnesque  Lycaei.      G.  III.  2. 

5.    Abl: 

ceu  septem  surgens  sedatis  amnibus  altus 
per  taciturn  Ganges  aut  pingui  flumine  Nilus 
cum  refluit  campis  et  iam  se  condidit  alveo. 


A.  IX.  30. 


IV.    Modifiers;    a.  Gen.  (8) : 

aquait,  A.  VII.  465  ;  Caeritis,  A.  VIII.  597 ; 
Cocyti,  G.  III.  37;  Elidis,  A.  III.  694;  erebi,  A.  VI.  671 ;  Eridani, 
A.  VI.  659;  Eumenidum,  A.  VI.  374;  Padusae,  A.  XI.  457. 

P'  Adj.  (33)  : 
abundans,  G.  I.  115;  adversus,  A.  VIII. 
58;  Alpheust,  A.  III.  694;  Aufidus,  A.  XI.  405;  extremus,  G. 
IV.  319;  fumidus,  A.  VII.  465;  gelidus,  A.  VIII.  597;  gratus, 
A.  VIII.  64;  Hectoreus,  A.  V.  634;  laevus,  A.  VIII.  236;  latus, 
G.  I.  141;  Lethaeus,  A.  VI.  705;  Lycaeus,  G.  III.  2;  magnus, 
A.  VI.  671;  multus,  A.  VI.  659;  piscosus,  A.  XI.  457;  pronus, 
G.  I.  203;  purus,  G.  III.  522;  rapidus,  A.  VI.  550,  XI.  298!, 
562,  Cu.  278;  repletus,  A.  V.  807;  riguust,  G.  II.  485;  secundus, 
G.  III.  447,  A.  VIII.  549;  sedatus,  A.  IX.  30;  severus,  G.  III. 
37,  A.  VI.  374;  spretus,  G.  IV.  233;  spumeus,  A.  II.  496; 
spumosus,  A.  XII.  524;  totus,  A.  IX.  245;  Tuscus,  A.  VIII. 
473,  X.  199,  XI.  316;  ullus,  G.  III.  428;  vadosus,  A.  VII.  728; 
violens,  G.  IV.  373;  virgineus,  Co.  15. 

Flu  MEN,  a  river,  a  stream,  water,  current,  tears,     (92). 

I.  Form:  fluminis,  G.  I.  245,  IV.  333,  A.  III.  389,  VI.  714, 
VII.  33,  201,  X.  833;  flumen,  A.  VII.  714,  IX.  414,  814;  flumine, 

E.  III.  96,  G.  I.  201,  II.  147,  199,  ni.  360,  IV.  288, 
III.    Flumen.  5^7,  A.  I.  465,  II.  305,  719,  V.  38,  VII.  430,  663, 

VIII.  57,  62,  69,  72,  610,  IX.  31,  XI.  449,  49S,  XII. 
749;  flumina,  E.  V.  21,  84,  VII.  52,  VIII.  4,  G.  I.  310,  326,  III. 
254,  310,  530,  A.  IV.  250,  V.  684,  VI.  711,  Ci.  233,  D.  65; 
fluminibus,  A.  XII.  139,  D.  64;  flumina,  E.  I.  51,  V.  25,  VI.  64, 
VII.  56,  IX.  40,  X.  18,  G.  II.  II,  157,  486,  III.  18,  144,  180, 
213,  270,  543,  IV.  54,  278,  360,  366,  383,  427,  457,  A.  VI.  8, 
298,  369,  388,  VII.  138,  699t,  VIII.  713,  IX.  104,  58s,  603,  679, 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


71 


X.  113,  XI.  659,  XII.  331,  S18,  Ci.  113,  326t,  Ca.  IX.  (XI)  52, 
D.  13;  flumina,  D.  67;  fluminibus,  G.  II.  no,  A.  XL  273. 


Eel. 
Geo. 

Aen. 
Min. 
Total 


Sing. 

N.    G. 

2 
5 


D.  Ac. 


V.  Ab. 
I 
6 

IS 
22 


Plural. 
N.    G.   D.    Ac.  V.  Ab. 


4 

5 

3 

2 

14 


I 
I 

2 


6 
16 

15 

4 

41 


z 

I 


I 

I 


11.  Metric:  Only  once  does  a  form  of  this  word  occur  in 
the  sixth  foot.  Cf.  amnis  and  rivus.  Thirteen  times  it  is  found 
as  the  first  word  in  the  verse,  while  it  stands  in  the  fifth  foot 
sixty-seven  times.  Ten  times  the  word  occurs  in  the  fourth  foot 
and  the  remaining  example  is  in  the  second  and  third  feet. 
Cf.  Huvius,  amnis,  and  rivus. 

Of  course  the  four  examples  of  fluminibus  could  hardly  stand 
in  the  fifth  foot. 

III.     Usage: 

A.     Sing.     I.  Gen.  depend,  on  nouns: 
alveus : 

variae  circumque  supraque 
adsuetae  ripis  volucres  et  fluminis  alveo 
aethera  mulcebant  cantu  lucoque  volabant. 
mos: 

maxumus  hie  flexu  sinuoso  elabitur  anguis 
circum  perque  duas  in  morem  fluminis  aretos. 
ripa: 

sive  errore  viae  seu  tempestatibus  acti  .    . 
fluminis  intrastis  ripas  portuque  sedetis, 
ne  fugite  hospitium  nevet  ignorate  Latinos 
Satumi  gentem. 
thalamus : 

at  mater  sonitum  thalamo  sub  fluminis  alti 
sensit. 
unda : 

cum  tibi  sollicito  secreti  ad  fluminis  undam 
litoreis  ingens  inventa  sub  ilicibus  sus 
triginta  capitum  fetus  enixa  iacebitt. 
tum  pater  Anehises  *animae,  quibus  altera  fato 
corpora  debentur,  Lethaei  ad  fluminis  undam 
seeuros  latices  et  longa  oblivia  potant. 


A.  VII.  33. 


G.  I.  245. 


A.  VII.  201. 


G.  IV.  333. 


A.  III.  389. 


A.  VI.  714. 


^i 


Ti 


ago: 


The  Plan  and  Scope 

interea  genitor  Tiberini  ad  fluminis  undam 
volnera  siccabat  lymphis  corpusque  levabat 
arboris  adclinis  trunco. 

2.    Ace.  obj\  of  verbs  and  partieip,: 

turn  toto  corpore  sudor 
liquitur  et  piceum  (nee  respirare  potestas) 
flumen  agit. 


A.  X.  833. 


A.  IX.  814. 


colo: 


Casperiamque  colunt  Forulosque  et  flumen  Himellse, 
qui  Tiberim  Fabarimque  bibunt.  A.  VII.  714. 

vomo : 

volvitur  ille  vomens  calidum  de  pectore  flumen 

frigidus  et  longis  singultibus  ilia  pulsatt.  A.  IX.  414. 

3.    Abl     a.  After  ad}.: 
inclusus : 

inclusum  veluti  siquando  flumine  nanctus 
cervom  aut  puniceae  saeptum  formidine  pinnae 


venator  cursu  canis  et  latratibus  instat. 

rapidus : 

rapidust  montano  flumine  torrens 

stemit  agros. 

secretus : 

natumque  in  valle  reducta 

ut  procul  egelidot  secretum  flumine  vidit. 

stagnans : 

nam  qua  Pellaei  gens  fortunata  Canopi 

accolit  efluso  stagnantem  flumine  Nilum 

et  circum  pictis  vehitur  sua  rura  phaselis  .    . 

omnis  in  hac  certam  regio  iacit  arte  salutem. 


A.  XII.  749. 


A.  II.  305. 


A.  VIII.  610. 


G.  IV.  288. 


p.  After  verbs  and  particip,: 
abluo : 

tu,  genitor,  cape  sacra  manu  patriosque  penatis; 

me,  bello  e  tanto  digressum  et  caede  recenti, 

attrectare  nefas,  donee  met  flumine  vivo 

abluero.  A.  II.  719. 

concipio : 

occur rit  Aces*tes,  .    .    . 

Troia  Criniso  conceptum  flumine  mater 

quem  genuit.  A.  V.  38. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 

consido : 

quare  age  et  armari  pubem  portisque  moveri 
laetus  in  arva  <Peerlk.  armu  mss.>  iubet,  et 

Phrygios  qui  flumine  pulchro 


73 


A.  VII.  430. 


A.  VIII.  57. 


G.  II.  199. 


G.  II.  147. 


A.  XI.  495. 


consedere  duces  pictasque  exure  carinas, 
duco : 

ipse  ego  te  ripis  et  rectot  flumine  ducam, 
adversum  remis  superes  subvectus  ut  amnem. 
pasco : 

sin  armenta  magis  studium  vitulosque  tueri 

.     petito  longinqua  Tarenti, 
et  qualem  infelix  amisit  Mantua  campum 
pascentem  niveos  herboso  flumine  cycnos. 
perfundo:  [Italy] 

hinc  albi,  Clitumnet,  greges  et  maxima  taurus 
victima,  saepe  tuo  perfusi  flumine  sacro, 
Romanos  ad  templa  deum  duxere  triumphos. 
liber  ecus  .... 

aut  adsuetus  aauae  perfundi  flumine  noto, 
emicat  arrectisque  fremit  cervicibus. 
ref ero : 

tumt  quoque  marmorea  caput  a  cervice  revolsum 
gurgite  cum  mediot  portans  Oeagrius  Hebrus 
volveret,  Eurydicen  vox  ipsa  et  frigida  lingua 
a !  miseram  Eurydicen  anima  fugiente  vocabat, 
Eurydicen  toto  referebant  flumine  ripae. 
refluo : 

ceu  septem  surgen^  sedatis  amnibus  altus 
per  tacitum  Ganges  aut  pingui  flumine  Nilus 
cum  refluit  campis  et  iam  se  condidit  alveo. 
stringo : 

ego  sum,  pleno  quem  flumine  cernis 
stringentem  ripas  et  pinguiat  culta  secantem, 

caeruleus  Thybris,  caelo  gratissimus  amnis.  A.  VIII.  62. 

subigo  : 

non  aliter  quam  qui  adverso  vix  flumine  lembum 
remigiis  subieit.  q  j  ^^^ 

umecto : 

sic  ait,  atque  animum  pictura  pascit  inani 

multa  gemens,  largoque  umectat  flumine  voltum.      A.  I.  465. 


G.  IV.  527. 


A.  IX.  31. 


74 


a: 


The  Plan  and  Scope 

y.  With  prep,: 

nuntius   .    .    .  magnisque  urbem  terroribus  implet, 
instructos  acie  Tiberino  a  flumine  Teucros 
Tyrrhenamque  manum  totis  descendere  campis.    A.  XI.  449. 
Tityre,  pascentes  a  flumine  reice  capellas.  E.  III.  96. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


75 


cum: 


de: 


nymphae,  Laurentes  nymphae,  genus  amnibus  undetst, 

tuque,  o  Thybri  tuo  genitor  cum  flumine  sancto, 

accipite  Aenean.  A.  VIII.  72. 


A.  VIII.  69. 


surgit  et  setherii  spectans  orientia  solis 
lumina  rite  cavis  undam  de  flumine  palmis 

sustinet. 
in :  [in  the  far  north] 

concrescunt  subitse  currenti  in  flumine  crustae, 

undaque  iam  tergo  ferratos  sustinet  orbis, 

puppibus  ilia  prius,  patulis  nunc  hospita  plaustris.  G.  III.  360. 

Geryone  extincto  Tirynthius  attigit  arva 

Tyrrhenoque  boves  in  flumine  lavit  Hiberas.        A.  VII.  663. 

B.    Plu,     I.    Norn,  subj,: 

cresco : 

diluit;  implentur  fossae  et  cava  flumina  crescunt 

ctun  sonitu.  G.  I.  326. 

euro: 

hie  tantum  Boreae  curamus  frigora,  quantum 

aut  numerum  lupus  aut  torrentia  flumina  ripast.     E.  VII.  52. 

decurro : 

nam  neque  me  tantum  venientis  sibilus  austri 

nee  percussa  iuvant  fluctu  tam  litora,  nee  quae 

saxosas  inter  decurrimt  flumina  valles.  E.  V.  84. 

mano: 

hinct  largi  copia  lactis ; 

quamt  magis  exhausto  spumaverit  uberet  mulctra, 

laeta  magis  pressis  manabunt  fluminat  mammis.    G.  III.  310. 

praecipito : 

nix  umeros  infusa  tegit,  tum  flumina  mento 

praecipitant  senis  [of  Atlas].  A.  IV.  250. 

prosum : 

udo  sub  robore  vivit 

stuppa  vomens  tardum  fumum,  lentusque  carinas 

est  vapor,  et  toto  descendit  corpore  pestis, 

nee  vires  heroum  infusaque  flumina  prosunt.        A.  V.  684. 


E.  V.  21. 


G.  III.  530. 


A.  VI.  711. 
D.  65. 


requiesco:  tempore 

quo  rapidos  etiam  requiescunt  flumina  cursus?  Ci.  233. 

et  mutata  suos  requierunt  flumina  cursust.  E.  VIII.  4. 

retardo : 

ac  neque  eos  iam  frena  virum  neque  verbera  saeva, 

non  scopuli  rupesque  cavae  atque  obiecta  retardant 

flumina  correptosque  unda  torquentia  montis.        G.  III.  254. 
sum: 

extinctum  nymphae  crudeli  funere  Daphnim 
flebant  (vos  corylit  testes  et  flumina  nymphis). 
frondibus  et  victu  pascuntur  simplicis  herbae, 
pocula  sunt  fontes  liquidi  atque  exercita  cursu 
flumina,  nee  somnos  abrumpit  cura  salubris. 
horrescit  visu  subito  causasque  requirit 
inscius  Aeneas,  quae  sint  ea  flumina  porro, 
quive  viri  tanto  comolerint  agmine  ripas. 
nam  tibi  sunt  fontes,  tibi  semper  flumina  amica. 
trudo : 

cum  nix  alta  iacet,  glaciem  quomt  flumina  trudunt.  G.  I.  310. 

2.    Dat  after  verbs: 
praesideo : 

extemplo  Tumi  sic  est  adfata  sororem 
diva  deam,  stagnis  quae  fluminibusque  sonoris 
praesidet.  ,  a.  XII.  139. 

trado : 

si  minus  haec,  Neptune,  tuast  infundimus  aurist, 

Battare,  fluminibus  tu  nostros  trade  dolores.  D.  64. 

3-     Ace.    a.  Suhj.: 
discedo : 

[Gyrene]  simul  alta  iubet  discedere  late 

flumina,  qua  iuvenis  gressus  inferret.  G.  IV.  360. 

^.  Ohj.  of  verbs  and  particip,: 
addo : 

adde  tot  egregias  urbes  operumque  laborem, 
tot  congesta  manu  praeruptis  oppida  saxis 
fluminaque  antiquos  supter  labentia  muros. 
^^^^-  [Messala  is  on  his  campaigns] 

nam  quid  ego  inmensi  memorem  studia  istat  laboris  ?  . 

nunc  celeres  Afros,  periuraet  milia  gentis, 

aurea  nunc  rapidi  flumina  adire  Tagi?        Ca.  IX.  (XI.)  5a 


G.  II.  157. 


:-£;5aSfci 


76 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


G.  II.  486. 


Ci.  113. 


G.  IV.  54. 


A.  VI.  8. 


amo: 

rura  mihi  et  riguit  placeant  in  vallibus  amnes, 

flumina  amem  silvasque  inglorius. 

coquo : 

arebant  herbae,  et  cava  flumina  siccis 

faucibus  ad  limum  radii  tepe facta  coquebant.        G.  IV.  427. 

f ugio : 

banc  urbem  .... 

fecerat  infestam  populatort  remige  Minos, 

hospito  quodt  set  Nisit  Polyidost  avitot 

Carpathium  fugiens  et  flumina  Caerateat 

texerat. 

inno : 

neque  enim,  credo,  sine  numine  divom 

flumina  tanta  paras  Stygiamque  innare  paludem.  A.  VI.  369. 

libo:  [the  bees] 

purpureosque  metunt  flores  et  flumina  libant 

summa  leves. 

monstro : 

pars  densa  ferarum 

tecta  rapit  silvas  inventaque  flumina  monstrat. 

parturio : 

nee  fecunda  .... 

semina  parturiantt  segetes,  non  pascua  colles  . 

ipsae  non  silvae  frondes,  non  flumina  montes. 
praelabor : 

sin  ad  bella  magis  studium  turmasque  ferocis, 

aut  Alphea  rotis  praelabi  flumina  Pisae  .    .    . 

primus  equit  labor  est  animos  atque  arma  videre 

bellantum  lituosque  pati  tractuque  gementem 

ferre  rotam  et  stabulo  frenos  audire  sonantis.        G.  III.  180. 
precor : 

Tellurem  nymphasque  et  adhuc  ignota  precatur 

flumina,  tum  Noctem  Noctistque  orientia  signa  .    .    . 

invocat.  A.  VII.  138. 

pulso : 

quales  Thraeiciae  cum  flumina  Thermodontis 

pulsant  et  pictis  bellantur  Amazones  armis.  A.  XI.  659. 

servo: 

simul  ipsa  precatur 

Oceanumque  oatrem  rerum  nymphasque  sorores, 

centum  quae  silvast,  centum  quae  flumina  servant.  G.  IV.  383. 


D.  13. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


77 


portitor  has  horrendus  aquas  et  flumina  servat 
terribili  squalore  Charon.  A.  VI.  298. 

specto : 

et  ingenti  motu  stupefactus  aquarum 
omnia  sub  magna  labentia  flumina  terra 
spectabat  diversa  locis,  Phasimque  Lycumque 
et  caput,  unde  altus  primumt  se  erumpitt  Enipeus, 
unde  pater  Tiberinus,  et  unde  Aniena  fluenta 
saxosusque  sonans  Hypanis  Mysusque  Caicus, 
et  gemina  auratus  taurino  comua  voltut 
Eridanus,  quo  non  aHus  per  pinguia  culta 
in  mare  purpureum  violentior  effluit  amnis. 
teneo : 

namque  aHae  nullis  hominum  cogentibus  ipsae 
sponte  sua  veniunt  camposque  et  flumina  late 
curva  tenent. 
trano : 

illas  ducit  amor  trans  Gargara  transque  sonantem 

Ascanium ;  superant  montis  et  flumina  tranant.    G.  III.  270. 
video: 

at  si  formonsus  Alexis 
montibus  his  abeatt,  videas  et  flumina  sicca.  E.  VII.  z,6 


4 


G.  IV.  366. 


G.  II.  II. 


ad: 


y.  With  prep,: 

primus  Idumaeas  referam  tibi,  Mantua,  palmas, 
et  viridi  in  campo  templum  de  marmore  ponam 
propter  aquam,  tardis  ingens  ubi  flexibus  errat 
Mincius   .... 

in  medio  mihi  Caesar  erit  templumque  tenebit: 

illit  victor  ego  et  Tyrio  conspectus  in  ostro 

centum  quadriiugos  agitabo  ad  flumina  currus.      G.  III.  18. 

non  ulli  pastos  illis  egere  diebus 

frigida,  Daphni,  boves  ad  flumina. 

durum  at  stirpe  genus  natos  ad  flumina  primum 

deferimus.  a.  IX.  603. 

tum  canit,  errantem  Permessi  ad  flumina  Galium 

Aonast  in  montis  ut  duxeritt  una  sororum.  E.  VI.  64. 

et  formonsus  ovis  ad  flumina  pavit  Adonis.  E.  X.  18. 

quisque  es,  armatus  qui  nostra  ad  flumina  tendis, 

fare  age,  quid  venias.  A.  VI.  388. 


E.  V.  25. 


78 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


A.  XII.  331. 


A.  IX.  585. 

E.  IX.  40. 

A.  XII.  518. 


apud: 

qualis  aput  gelidi  cum  flumina  concitus  Hebri 
sanguineus  Mavors  clupeo  increpatt. 

circum : 

quales  aeriae  liquentia  flumina  circum, 
sive  Padi  ripis  Athesim  seu  propter  amoenum, 
consurgunt  geminae  quercus.  A.  IX.  679. 

stabat  in  egregiis  Arcentis  filius  armis, 
.    .    .  genitor  quem  miserat  Arcens, 
eductum  Martis  <MPR  and  Rb.  matris  others>  luco 

Symsethiat  circum 

flumina. 

hie  ver  purpureum,  varios  hie  flumina  circum 

fundit  humus  flores. 

piseosae  cui  circum  flumina  Lernae 

ars  fuerat. 

in: 

iam  maris  immensi  prolem  et  genus  omne  natantumt 

Htore  in  extremo  ceu  naufraga  corpora  fluctus 

proluit ;  insolitse  fugiunt  in  flumina  phocae.  G.  III.  543- 

illam  inter  caedes  pallentem  morte  futura 

fecerat  Ignipotens  undis  et  iapyge  ferri, 

contra  autem  magno  maerentem  corpore  Nilum 

pandentemque  sinus  et  tota  veste  vocantem 

caeruleum  in  gremium  latebrosaque  flumina  victos. 

A.  VIII.  713- 
inter: 

ibant  aequati  numero  regemque  canebant, 

ceu  quondam  nivei  liquida  inter  flumina  <P  and 

Rb.  nubila  MR  and  edd.>  cycni, 

cum  sese  e  pastu  referunt. 

hie  inter  flumina  nota 

et  fontis  sacros  frigus  captabis  opacum. 
per : 

dixerat  idque  ratum  Stygii  per  flumina  fratris, 

per  pice  torrentis  atraque  voragine  ripas 

adnuit  et  totum  nutu  tremefecit  Olympum. 

Stygii  per  flumina  fratris, 

per  pice  torrentis  atraque  voragine  ripas 

adnuit  et  totum  nutu  tremefecit  Olympum. 


A.  VII.  699. 
E.  I.  51. 


A.  IX.  104. 


A.  X.  113. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


79 


ilia  quidem,  dumt  te  fugeret  per  flumina  praeceps, 
immanem  ante  pedes  hydrum  moritura  puella 
servantem  ripas  aha  non  vidit  in  herba.  G.  IV.  457. 

saeva  <sacra  others >  precor  per  lumina  <Scaliger 
flumina  mss.>  tet  Ilithyiaet, 
net  tantumt  facinus  tam  nullat  mente  sequarist.  Ci.  326. 

Prope:  [the  amellusj 

tonsis  in  vallibus  ilium 
pastores  et  curva  legunt  propet  flumina  Mellaet.      G.  IV.  278. 
secundum:  [the  mares] 

saltibus  in  vacuis  pascunt  et  plena  secundum 
flumina,  muscus  ubi  et  viridissima  graminet  ripa, 
speluncaeque  tegant  et  saxea  procubett  umbra.      G.  III.  144. 
trans : 

atque  ideo  tauros  procul  atque  in  sola  relegant 

pascua  post  montem  oppositum  et  trans  flumina  latat, 

aut  intus  clausos  satura  ad  praesaepia  servant.        G.  III.  213. 


4.     Voc,  : 

flectite  currentis  lymphast,  vaga  flumina,  retro 
flectite. 

5.     AbL  with  verbs: 
nee  vero  terrae  ferre  omnes  omnia  possunt. 
fluminibus  salices  crassisque  paludibus  alni 
nascuntur,  steriles  saxosis  montibus  omi. 
et  socii  amissit  petierunt  aethera  pinnis 
fluminibusque  vagantur  aves. 


D.  67. 


G.  II.  no. 
A.  XI.  273. 


IV.     Modifiers;    a.  Gen.  (8) : 
Hebri,  A.  XII.  331;  Himellae,  A.  VII.  714;  Lernae,  A.  XIL 
518;     Mellae,  G.  IV.  278;  Permessi,  E.  VI.  64;  Pisae,  G.   III. 
180;  Stygii  fratris,  A.  IX.  104,  X.  113;  Thermodontis,  A.  XI. 
659. 

p.  Adj.  (48) : 

adversum,  G.  I.  201;  Alpheum,  G.  III. 
180;  altum,  G.  IV.  333,  359;  amicum,  D.  65;  Caerateum,  Ci.  113; 
calidum,  A.  IX.  414;  cavum,  G.  I.  326,  IV.  427;  centum,  G. 
IV.  383;  currens,  G.  III.  360;  curvum,  G.  II.  12,  IV.  2yS; 
egeHdumt,  A.  VIII.  610;  frigidum,  E.  V.  25 ;  gelidumt,  A.  VIIL 
610;  herbosum,  G.  II.  199;  id,  A.  VL  711;  ignotum,  A.  VIL 
137;  inventum.  A.  VL  8;  laetum,  G.   III.  310;  largum,  A.   I. 


8o 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


8i 


p 
I 


ii 


■iff. 


\l 


Si* 

VI  ■  t' 


1}''-. 


111; 


465;  latebrosum,  A.  VIII.  713;  latum,  G.  III.  213;  Lethaeum, 
A.  VI.  714;  liquens,  A.  IX.  679:  liquidum,  A.  VII.  699;  mon- 
tanum,  A.  II.  305;  nostrum,  A.  VI.  388;  notum,  E.  I.  51,  A. 
XI.  495;  omne,  G.  IV.  366;  piceum,  A.  IX.  813;  pingue,  A. 
IX.  31;  plenum,  G.  III.  143,  A.  VIII.  62;  pulchrum,  A.  VII. 
430;  rectumt,  A.  VIII.  57;  sacrum,  G.  II.  I47»  Ci.  326!;  saevumt, 
Ci.  326;  sanctum,  A.  VIII.  72;  secretum,  A.  III.  389;  siccum, 
E.  VII.  56;  sonorum,  A.  XII.  139;  summum,  G.  IV.  55; 
Symsethium,  A.  IX.  584;  tantum,  A.  VI.  369;  Tiberinum,  A.  X. 
833,  XI.  449 ;  torrens,  E.  VII.  52 ;  totum,  G.  IV.  527 ;  Tyrrhenum, 
A.  VII.  663;  vivum,  A.  II.  719;  vagum,  D.  67. 

Rivus,  a  brook ^  a  stream,  a  rivulet,  water.  (24). 

I.  Form:  rivus,  G.  IV.  19,  Co.  12;  rivi,  Cu.  57t;  rivo,  E. 
VIII.    loi;   rivum,  E.   VIII.   87,   A.   III.   350,   Cu.   390;   rivo, 

E.  V.  47;  rivi,  L.  18;  rivos,  E.  III.  in,  G.  I. 
IV.    Rivus.  106,  260,  II.    165,  A.    IX.   456,  XI.   668,  M.   71; 

rivis,  E.  X.  29,  G.  I.  132,  IV.  120,  A.  V.  200, 
VI.  674t,  VII.  683,  VIII.  445,  Cu.  149. 


Sing. 
N.    G. 


Eel. 
Geo. 
Aen. 
Min. 
Total 


I 
2 


I 
I 


D.  Ac. 
I       I 

I 
I 

I      3 


Plural. 
V.  Ab.    N.    G.   D.   Ac.  V,  Ab, 

I  II 

3  2 

2  4 

I  II 

II  78 


II.    Metric: 

Ten  of  the  twenty-four  examples  are  found  in  the  sixth  foot. 
Of  the  remaining  14,  ^vt  cases  are  in  the  last  half  of  the  second 
and  in  the  first  half  of  the  third  feet,  while  five  others  are  similarly 
divided  between  the  third  and  fourth  feet.  This  leaves  only  four 
forms  that  are  found  in  other  parts  of  the  verse. 


III.     Usage: 

A.     Sing,     I.     Nom.  subj.: 
adsum:  [for  the  bees] 

at  liquidi  fontes  et  stagna  virentia  musco 
adsint  et  tenuis  fugiens  per  gramina  rivos. 
sum: 

estt  crepitanst  rauco  murmure  rivus  aquae. 


G.  IV.  19. 
Co.  12. 


2.     Gen.  depend,  on  noun: 
imminet  int  rivit,  praestantist  imaginist  undamt.        Cu.  57. 


3.    Dat. : 
fer  cineres,  Amarylli,  foras  rivoque  fluenti 
transque  caput  iace. 


E.  VIII.  loi 


4.    Ace,     a.  Ob  jr. 
adgnosco : 

Pergama  et  arentem  Xanthi  cognomine  rivom 
adgnosco.  a.  III.  350. 

p.  With  prep.: 

cum  fessa  iuvencum 
per  nemora  atque  altos  quaerendo  bocula  lucos 
propter  aquae  rivom  viridi  procumbitt  in  ulvat.    E.  VIII.  87. 
rivum  proptert  aquae  viridi  sub  frondet  latentem 
conformare  locum  capit  impiger.  Cu.  390. 

5.     Abl: 
tale  tuum  nobis  carmen,  divine  poeta, 

....   quale  per  aestum 
dulcis  aquae  saliente  sitim  restinguere  rivo. 


E.  V.  47. 


B.     Plu,     I.     Nom.  subj,: 
tardo  : 

gaudebunt  silvae,  gaudebunt  mollia  prata, 
tardabunt  rivi  labentes  curreret  lymphaet 
et  gelidi  fontes. 

2,    Ace.     a.  Obj.  of  verbs  and  particip,: 
claudo : 

claudite  iam  rivos,  pueri :  sat  prata  biberunt. 
deduco : 

quippe  etiam  festis  quaedam  exercere  diebus 
fas  et  iura  sinunt :  rivos  deduceret  nulla 
religio  vetuit,  segeti  praetendere  saepem. 
induco : 

deinde  satis  fluvium  inducit  rivosque  sequentist. 
ostendo:  [Italy] 

haec  eadem  argenti  rivos  aerisque  metalla 
ostendit  venis  atque  auro  plurima  fluxit. 


L.  18. 


E.  III.  III. 


G.  I.  269. 
G.  I.  106. 

G.  II.  165. 


II 

h:t! 


82 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


M.  71. 


summitto : 

norat  et  occultae  committere  semina  terrae 

vicinosque  aptet  curvanst  summittere  rivos. 
vomo: 

sanguinis  ille  vomens  rivos  cadit  atque  cruentam 

mandit  humum  moriensque  suo  se  in  volnere  versat. 

A.  XI.  668. 

p.  With  prep,: 

ingens  concursus  ad  ipsa 
corpord  seminecisque  viros  tepidatque  recentemt 
caede  locum  et  plenost  spumantit  sanguine  rivos.   A.  IX.  456. 


fluo: 


3.    AbL    a.  After  verbs  and  particip.: 


turn  creber  anhelitus  artus 

aridaque  ora  quatit,  sudor  fluit  undique  rivis.        A.  V.  200. 
fluit  3es  rivis  aurique  metallum, 

volnificusque  chalypst  vasta  fomace  liquescit.     A.  VIII.  445. 
gaudeo:  canerem  .    .    . 

quoque  modo  potis  gauderent  intiba  rivis 

et  virides  apio  ripae,  tortusque  per  herbam 

cresceret  in  ventrem  cucumis.  G.  IV.  120. 

reprimo:  [Jupiter] 

et  passim  rivis  currentia  vina  repressit.  G.  I.  132. 

saturo : 

Amor  non  talia  curat : 

nee  lacrimis  crudelis  Amor  nee  gramina  rivist 

nee  cytiso  saturantur  apes.  ,  E.  X.  29. 

sono: 

his  suberatt  gelidis  manans  e  fontibus  unda, 

quae  levibus  placidum  rivis  sonat  actat  liquorumt.      Cu.  149. 

p.  After  adj.: 

lucis  habitamus  opacis 
riparumque  toros  et  prata  recentia  rivist 
incolimus.  A.  VI.  674. 

quique  altum  Praeneste  viri  quique  arva  Gabinae 
lunonis  gelidumque  Anienem  et  roscida  rivis 
Hemica  saxa  colunt,  quos  dives  Anagnia  pascit, 
quos,  Amasene  pater.  A.  VII.  683. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


33 


IV.    Modifiers;    a.  Gen.  (5) : 

aquae,  E.  V.  47,  VIII.  87,  Cu.  390,  Co.  12; 
argenti,  G.  II.  165;  lymphae,  L.  18;  sanguinis,  A.  XI.  668; 
Xanthi,  A.  III.  350. 

p.  Adj.  (II): 

arens,  A.  III.  350;  crepitans,  Co.  12; 
fluens,  E.  VIII.  loi ;  labens,  L.  18;  levis,  Cu.  149;  plenus,  A.  IX. 
456;  potus,  G.  IV.  120;  saliens,  E.  V.  47;  sequens,  G.  I.  106; 
tenuis,  G.  IV.  19;  vicinus,  M.  71. 


The  Vergilian  use  of  the  words  for  'river.' 
V.  Conspectus.       a.  Distribution  over  cases  and  numbers. 

Flumen:     amnis:     fluvius:     rivus:     Total 
Norn o  14  2  2  18 

S!^ 7  4  I  I  13 

Y^* o  I  4  I  6 

v^ 3  16  II  3  33 

^^ o  o  o  o  o 

^^^ 22  9  6  I  38 

^-  ^^^^^ 32  44  24  8  108 

^^^ 14  II  2  I  28 

^^n o  o  2  o  2 

Dat 2  I  I  o  4 

{^,^^ 41  4  6  7  58 

V^ I  I  o  o  2 

Abl 2  I  2  8  13 

Total  60  18  13  16  107 

Total  of  both  numbers ...  92  62  37  24  21^ 

The  favorite  word  for  the  fifth  foot  is  naturally 
B.  Metrical  ^^'^n   (cf.  gramen),   while  that   for  the  sixth 

considerations.     ^^^*  ^^  amnis,  with  rivus  second.     In  the  middle  of 

the  verse  fluvius  is  much  more  common  than  any 

other  word. 
A  conspectus  like  the  one  just  given  may  be  interest- 
ing, because  it  shows  at  a  glance  how  Vergil  uses  the 
various  cases  of  a  ,  group  of  synonyms.  It  seems  of 
some  importance  to  discover  that  the  poet  uses  the  abl.  sing, 
of  flumen  much  oftener  than  the  abl.  sing,  of  all  the  other  words, 
while  in  the  abl.  plu.  rivus  is  oftener  used.  Nearly  half  of  the 
examples  of  flumen  are  in  the  ace.  pi.    Flumen  and  rivus  are 


84 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


w 


L^J 


hi  '■■ 


|:f 


II  > 

I    I. 


I 


used  about  twice  as  often  in  the  pi.  as  in  the  sing.,  while  amnis 
and  Huzntis  are  used  about  twice  as  often  in  the  sing.  Other 
comparisons  may  be  made. 

Again,  this  conspectus  shows  one  use  that  may  be  made  of 
other  articles  in  the  lexicon.  I  believe  that  a  long  and  valuable 
article  for  a  periodical  could  be  made  by  drawing  up  a  similar 
conspectus  for  videre  and  its  many  synonyms  and  then  making 
the  observations  that  suggest  themselves.  But  in  our  lexicon 
there  is  no  place  for  such  a  conspectus, 

Rivus  is  placed  out  of  alphabetical  order  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  together  all  four  of  the  words  meaning  'river,'  'brook/ 
'stream.' 

Gram  EN,  grass,  an  herb,  a  plain  (as  covered  with  grass),  (25). 

I.  Form:  graminis,  E.  V.  26;  gramen,  G.  IV.  63!,  A.  IX. 
353;  gramine,  E.  V.  46,  G.  II.  219,  525,  III.  i44i",  A.  III.  537» 

XII.  664,  Cu.  69,  M.  96t;  gramina,  E.  X.  29, 
VI.    Gramen.  G.  I.  56,  II.  200,  III.  325,  A.  XII.  4I5»  Cu.  471 

gramina,  G.  III.  174,  IV.  19,  A.  II.  47i»  VI. 
684,  VII.  655,  809,  Cu.  50,  Ci.  300. 

Plural. 

N.     G.    D.    Ac.  V.  Ab, 

Eel.  I                             II 

Geo.  133  ^ 

Aen.  121  4 

Min.  2       I  a 

Total  1286  8 

II.  Metric:  Of  the  25  examples  of  gramen  only  two  are  not 
dactyls.  Of  the  23  dactylic  forms,  17  are  in  the  fifth  foot. 
Graminis,  the  only  example  of  the  gen.,  forms  the  fourth  foot 
in  E.  V.  26.  Of  the  other  dactylic  forms  not  in  the  fifth  foot, 
three  occupy  the  first  foot,  while  two  are  in  the  fourth  foot  in 
Ci.  300,  and  E.  V.  46. 

III.  Usage: 

A.    Sing,     I.  Gen.  depend,  on  subst,: 

nulla  nequet  amnem 
libavit  quadrupes,  nee  graminis  attigit  herbamt.        E.  V.  26. 


Sing. 

N.    G.    D.  Ac.    V.  Ab. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


85 


A.  IX.  353. 


Cu.  69. 


2.    Ace.  obj.: 
aspergo : 

hue  tu  tusos  <Rb.  iussos  mss.  and  edd.> 

asperge  sapores, 

trita  melisphylla  et  cerinthae  ignobile  grament, 

tinnitusque  cie  et  Matris  quate  cymbala  circum.      G.  IV.  63. 

carpo :  ibi  ignem 

deficere  extremum  et  religatost  rite  videbat 

earpere  gramen  equos. 

3.     Abl.     a.  With  verbs  and  particip.: 
prosterno :  att  pectore  puro 

ssepe  super  tenero  prosternit  gramine  corpus, 
florida  cumt  tellus,  gemmantis  picta  per  herbas, 
vere  notatt  dulcit  distincta  coloribust  arva. 
servo: 

servatum  in  gramine  <mss.  germine 

edd.>  bulbum 
ting^it  aqua  lapidisque  eavum  dimittit  in  orbem. 
vestio:  [the  soil] 

quaeque  suo  semper  viridit  se  gramine  vestit, 

nee  scabie  ett  salsa  laedit  robigine  f errum : 

ilia  tibi  laetis  intexett  vitibus  ulmos.  G.  II.  219. 

p.  With  adj.: 
[the  mares] 

saltibus  in  vacuis  pascunt  et  plena  secundum 

flumina,  muscus  ubi  et  viridissima  graminet  ripat, 

speluncaeque  tegant  et  saxea  procubett  umbra.       G.  III.  144. 

y.  With  prep.: 

tu  currum  deserto  in  gramine  versas. 

pinguesque  in  gramine  laeto 
inter  se  adversis  luctantur  cornibus  haedi. 
tale  tuum  nobis  carmen,  divine  poeta, 
quale  sopor  fessis  <lassis  R>  in  gramine. 
quattuor  hie,  primum  omen,  equos  in  gramine  vidi 
tondentes  campum  late.  A.  III.  537. 


M.  96. 


m 


A.  XII.  664. 
G.  II.  525. 
E.  V.  46. 


caneo:  B.    Plu.     1.  Nom.  subj.: 

luciferit  primo  cum  sidere  frigida  rura 
earpamus,  dum  mane  novom,  dum  gramina  canent, 
et  ros  in  tenera  pecori  gratissimus  herba.  G.  III.  325. 


:t\- 


H^ 


86 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


87 


E.  X.  29. 


A.  XII.  415- 


desum : 

sin  armenta  magis  studium  vitulosque  tueri   .    .    . 

petito  longinqua  Tarenti, 
et  qualem  infelix  amisit  Mantua  campum 
pascentem  niveos  herboso  flumine  cycnos : 
non  liquid!  gregibus  fontes,  non  gramina  deruntt.  G.  II.  200. 

saturo  : 

nee  lacrimis  crudelis  Amor  nee  gramina  rivist 

nee  eytiso  saturantur  apes  nee  fronde  eapellse. 
[sunt] 

hie  Venus,  indigno  nati  eoneussa  dolore, 

dictamnumt  genet rix  Cretaeat  carpitt  ab  Ida, 

puberibus  eaulem  foliis  et  flore  eomantem 

purpureo  (non  ilia  feris  ineognita  eapris 

gramina,  eum  tergo  volueres  haesere  sagittae)  : 

hoe  Venus  .    .    .   detulit. 
velo: 

propulit  et  stabulis  ad  pabulat  notat  eapellas 

pastor  et  exeelsi  montis  iuga  summa  petivit, 

lueidat  qua  patulos  velabant  gramina  eoUes. 
vireseo : 

hiet  segetes,  illiet  veniunt  felieius  uvae, 

arborei  fetus  alibi,  atque  iniussa  vireseunt 

gramina. 

2.     Ace,     a.  Ohj,: 
carpo : 

interea  pubi  indomitae  non  gramina  tantum 

nee  veseas  salieum  f rondes  ulvamtque  palustrem, 

sed  f  rumenta  manu  earpes  sata. 
paseor : 

qualis  ubi  in  lueem  coluber  mala  gramina  pastus,   .    .    . 

lubriea  eonvolvitt  sublato  peetore  terga.  A.  II.  471. 

tondeo : 

vagantes 

tondebantt  tenero  viridantia  gramina  morsu.  Cu.  50. 


Cu.  47. 


G.  I.  56. 


G.  III.  174. 


p.  With  prep, : 
ad: 

Dietaeas  ageres  ad  gramina  nota  eapellas. 

per: 

at  liquidi  fontes  et  stagna  virentia  museo 

adsint  et  tenuis  fugiens  per  gramina  rivos. 


Ci.  300. 


G.  IV.  19. 


post  hos  insignem  palmat  per  gramina  eurrum 

vietoresque  ostentat  equos  satus  Hereule  pulehro 

pulcher  Aventinus.  A.  VII.  655. 

isque  ubi  tendentem  adversum  per  gramina  vidit 

Aenean,  alaeris  palmas  utrasque  tetendit.  A.  VI.  684. 

ilia  vel  intaetae  segetis  per  summa  volaret 

gramina  nee  teneras  eursu  laesisset  aristas.  A.  VII.  809. 

IV.     Modifiers;    a.  Gen,: 
eerinthae,  G.  IV.  63. 

p,  Adj,  (II): 

desertum,  A.  XII.  664;  ignobile,  G.  IV.  63 ; 
laetum,  G.  II.  525;  lueidumt,  Cu.  47;  malum,  A.  II.  471 ;  notum, 
Ci.  300 ;  roridumt,  Cu.  47 ;  summum,  A.  VII.  808 ;  tenerum,  Cu. 
69;  viridans,  Cu.  50;  viridet,  G.  II.  219. 

Herba,  grass,  weeds,  an  herb,  herbage,  hay,  a  blade,  (78). 

I.  Form:  herba,  E.  IV.  24,  VII.  57,  G.  IV.  272,  Cu.  404; 
herbae,  G.  III.  216,  498,  528,  A.  V.  388!;  herbam,  E.  V.  26t, 

G.  I.  134,  i55t,  II.  527,  ni.  295,  IV.  121,  A.  I.  214, 
VII.    Herba.    HI.  236,  V.  102,  VI.  656,  VII.  109,  IX.  164,  3i6t; 

herba,  E.  VII.  45 ;  herba,  E.  III.  93,  VI.  59!,  VIII. 
IS,  G.  I.  112,  III.  326,  IV.  459,  Cu.  115,  L.  66;  herb«,  .G  I.  69!, 
180,  II.  411,  III.  353,  IV.  402,  427,  A.  III.  142,  650,  IV.  514, 
VII.  758,  Cu.  88t,  i68t,  Ca.  III.*  7!;  herbarum,  E.  VIII.  2,  A. 
XII.  396;  herbas,  E.  II.  11,  VI.  54,  VIII.  95,  G.  I.  90, 
II.  129,  251,  III.  126,  162,  283,  395,  436,  465,  IV.  12,  A.  III.  221, 
IV.  404,  V.  330,  Cu.  70,  Ci.  370,  M.  99;  herbis  E.  II.  49,  VII.  41, 
IX.  i9t,  G.  I.  107,  339t,  II.  185,  III.  494,  IV.  200,  A.  VII.  19, 
769,  XII.  402t,  Cu.  159,  M.  63,  io6t. 


Sing. 

N.    G. 


Eel. 
Geo. 
Aen. 
Min. 
Total 


2 

I 

I 

4 


3 
I 


D.  Ac. 

I 

5 
7 

o    13 


V.  Ab. 
I      3 


2 

8 


Plural. 
N.     G.   D.   Ac.  V.  Ab. 


6 

4 

3 

13 


3 
10 

3 
3 

19 


II.     Metric: 
the  sixth  foot. 


3 
5 
3 
3 
14 


Of  the  78  examples  of  herba,  55  are  found  in 
Of  the  other  23  forms,  two  {herbarum)  could 
not  stand  in  the  sixth  foot.  The  remaining  forms  occur  in  various 
places,  but  only  once  as  a  part  of  the  fifth  foot.     Cf.  gramen. 


88 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


89 


?y 


k'ri 


¥:  >■ 


3^li 


% 


t 


s  • 


Every  example  of  per  herham  or  per  herbas  stands  at  the  end 
of  the  verse,  and  there  are  14  of  them.  In  addition  to  these  cases 
after  per,  there  are  also  13  examples  in  which  this  word  occurs 
after  other  prepositions,  and  in  each  of  these,  too,  the  noun, 
herbOj  herbas,  or  herbis,  stands  in  the  sixth  foot.  In  only  three 
instances  the  preposition  does  not  stand  directly  before  its  noun, 
two  of  these  being  a  nearly  repeated  verse,  E.  VIII.  15  and  G. 
III.  326. 

III.     Usage: 

A.    Sing,     I.    Nom,    o.  Subj,: 

est :  hie  est  et  Sparticat  myrtus 

atque  hyacinthos  et  hie  Cilici  crocust  editus  arvot, 
laurus  item  Phcebi  surgens  decus,  hie  rhododaphne 
liliaque  et  rorist  non  avia  cura  marini 
herbaque  turis  opes  priscis  imitata  Sabinat 
chrysanthustque  hederaeque  nitor  pallente  corymbo 
et  bocchust  Libyae  regis  memor. 

occido : 

occidet  et  serpens,  et  fallax  herba  veneni 
occidet. 

sitio : 

aret  ager;  vitio  moriens  sitit  aeris  herba. 

p.  In  app,: 

est  etiam  flos  in  pratis,  cui  nomen  amellot 
fecere  agricolse,  facilis  quaerentibus  herba. 

2.     Gen,    a.  Depend,  on  verb: 

carpit  enim  viris  paulatim  uritque  videndo 

femina,  nee  nemorum  patitur  meminisse  nequet  herbae. 

G.  III.  216. 
p.  Depend,  on  subst,: 

hie  gravis  Entellum  dictis  castigat  Acestes, 
proximus  ut  viridante  toro  consederat  herbaet. 
frondibus  et  victu  pascuntur  simplicis  herbae, 
pocula  sunt  fontes  liquidi. 

y.  Depend,  on  adj.: 

labitur  infelix  studiorum  atque  immemor  herbae 

victor  equos  fontisque  avertitur  et  pede  terram 

crebra  ferit.  G.  III.  498. 


Cu.  404. 

E.  IV.  24. 
E.  VII.  57. 


G.  IV.  272. 


A.  V.  388. 
G.  III.  528. 


3.    Ace.    a.  Obj,: 

attingo :  nulla  nequet  amnem 

libavit  quadrupes,  nee  graminis  attigit  herbam 

<herba  R>.  E.  V.  26. 

carpo: 

incipiens  stabulis  edico  in  mollibus  herbam 
carpere  ovis,  dum  mox  f  rondosa  reducitur  aestas.    G.  III.  295. 
insector : 

infelix  lolium  et  stiriles  dominantur  avenae.    ' 
quod  nisi  et  adsiduis  herbam  <terram  R>  insectabere 

rastris, 
et  sonitu  terrebis  aves 

heu  magnum  alterius  frustra  spectabis  acervom.        G.  I.  155. 
quaero : 

ut  .    .    .    .   sulcis  frumenti  quaereret  herbam.  G.  I.  134. 


per: 


p.  With  prep,  and  after  verbs  and  particip.: 


A.  VI.  656. 


conspicit  ecce  alios  dextra  laevaque  per  herbam 
vescentis  laetumque  choro  paeana  canentist 
inter  odoratum  lauri  nemus. 

canerem 

quoque  modo  potis  gauderent  intiba  rivis 
et  virides  apio  ripaet,  tortusque  per  herbam 
cresceret  in  ventrem  cucumis. 
haut  secus  ac  iussi  faciunt,  tectosque  per  herbam 
disponunt  enses  et  scuta  latentia  condunt. 
ipse  dies  agitat  festos  fususque  per  herbam   .    . 
te  libanst,  Lenaee,  vocatt. 
tum  victu  revocant  vires  fusique  per  herbam 
implentur  veteris  bacchi  pinquisque  ferinae. 
ordine  aena  locant  alii  fusique  per  herbam 
subiciunt  veribus  prunas  et  viscera  torrent, 
discurrunt  variantque  vices  fusique  per  herbam 
indulgent  vino  et  vertunt  crateras  aenos. 
passim  somno  vinoque  per  herbamt 
corpora  fusa  vident. 

instituuntque  dapes  et  adorea  liba  per  herbam 
subiciunt  epulis. 

4.     Voc: 

Muscosi  fontes  et  somno  mollior  herba,  .    .    . 

solstitium  pecori  defendite.  E.  VII.  45. 


G.  IV.  121. 

A.  III.  236. 

G.  II.  527. 

A.  I.  214. 

A.  V.  102. 

A.  IX.  164. 

A.  IX.  316. 

A.  VII.  109. 


90 


The  Plan  and  Scope 

5.    Abl,    a.  With  verbs  and  particip,: 

forsitan  ilium 
aut  herbat  captum  viridi  aut  armenta  secutum 
perducant  aliquae  stabula  ad  Gortynia  vaccse. 

p.  With  prep.: 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


91 


E.  VI.  59. 


m 


ilia  quidem,  dum  <non  P>  te  fugeret  per  flumina  prseceps, 

immanem  ante  pedes  hydrum  moritura  puella 

servantem  ripas  alta  non  vidit  in  herba.  G.  IV.  459. 

cum  ros  in  tenera  pecori  gratissimus  herba.  E.  VIII.  15. 

luciferit  primo  cum  sidere  frigida  rura 

carpamus,  dum  mane  novom,  dum  gramina  canent, 

et  ros  in  tenera  pecori  gratissimus  herba.  G.  III.  326. 


luxuriem  segetum  tenera  depascit  in  herba. 
et  mecumt  tenerat  gavisat  est  laederet  in  herba 
purpureos  flores,  quost  insuper  accumbebat, 
bracchiat  f ormosot  supponens  Cypriat  coUo  ? 
hie  etiam  viridi  ludentes  panes  in  herba 
et  satyrit  dryadesque  chorost  egere  puellaet 
naiadum  coetu. 


G.  I.  112. 


L.66. 


Cu.  115. 


frigidus,  o  pueri,  fugite  hinc,  latet  anguis  in  herba.  E.  III.  93. 


B.    Plu,     I.    Nom,  subj,: 
adsum : 

ille  colit  lucos,  illi  Panchaia  tura 

floribus  agrestes  herbset  variantibus  adsuntt. 
appareo:  [in  the  far  north] 

illic  clausa  tenent  stabulis  armenta,  nequet  ullse 

aut  herbae  campo  apparent  aut  arbore  frondes. 
areo: 

arebant  herbse,  et  cava  flumina  siccis 

faucibus  ad  limum  radii  tepefacta  coquebant. 

tum  steriles  exurere  Sirius  agros, 
arebant  herbae  et  victum  segest  aegra  negabat. 
iuvo: 

neque  eum  iuvere  int  volnerat  cantus 

somniferi  et  Marsis  quaesitaet  montibus  herbae. 
mollio : 

mollibantt  herbae  <Rb.  in  crit.  ed.  arte  or  aurae  mss.  and 

Rb.  in  text  ed.>  venientist  adt  omniat  nisust. 

Cu.  168. 


Cu.  87. 

G.  III.  353. 

G.  IV.  427. 
A.  III.  142. 

A.  VII.  758. 


G.  II.  411. 
G.  I.  69. 

A.  III.  650. 
A.  IV.  514. 


obduco : 

bis  vitibus  ingruit  umbra, 
bis  segetem  densis  obducuntt  sentibus  herbae; 
durus  uterque  labor:  laudato  ingentia  rura, 
exiguum  colito. 
officio : 

officiant  laetist  ne  frugibus  herbaet. 
posco : 

victum  infelicem,  bacas  lapidosaque  corna, 

dant  rami,  et  volsis  pascunt  radicibus  herbae. 
quaero : 

ialcibus  et  messae  ad  lunam  quaerunturt  aenist 

pubentes  herbae  nigri  cum  lacte  veneni. 
removeo : 

alter  assiduat  colenst  diligentia  ut  herbaet 

aspert  autt  rubust  a  meo  sintt  remota  sacello, 

alter  parva  manut  ferens  sempert  munera  larga.    Ca.  III.*  7. 
sitio : 

medios  cum  sol  accenderitt  aestus, 

cum  sitiunt  herbae  et  pecori  iam  gratior  umbrast.    G.  IV.  402. 
subeo:  [to  injure  the  threshing  floor] 

ne  subeant  herbae.  G.  I.  180. 

2.     Gen.     a.  Depend,  on  subst.: 

ille  ut  depositi  prof er ret  fata  parentis, 

scire  potestates  herbarum  usumque  medendi 

maluit. 

p.  Depend,  on  adj.: 

immemor  herbarumt  quos  est  mirata  iuvenca 
certantis. 


A.  XII.  396. 


E.  VIII.  2. 


3.    Ace,     a.  Obj.  of  verbs  and  particip.: 

alo:  [tellus] 

umida  maioris  herbas  alit,  ipsaque  iusto 

laetior. 

attero : 

errans  bocula  campot 

decutiat  rorem  et  surgentis  atterat  herbas. 

carpo:  [of  sheep] 

quam  procul  autt  mollit  succedere  saepius  umbrae 

videris  autt  summas  carpentemt  ignaviust  herbas 

extremamque  sequi  aut  medio  procumberet  campo 


G.  II.  251. 


G.  IV.  12. 


92 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


G.  III.  465. 

E.  II.  II. 
E.  VIII.  95- 

G.  III.  395. 
Ci.  370. 


pascentem  et  seraet  solarn  decedere  nocti, 

continue  culpam  ferro  compesce. 
contundo : 

Thestylis  et  rapido  fessis  messoribus  aestu 

alia  serpullumque  herbas  contundit  olentis. 
do: 

has  herbas  atque  haec  Ponto  mihi  lectat  venena 

ipse  dedit  Moerist. 
fero: 

jat  cui  lactis  amor,  cytisum  lotosque  frequentis 

ipset  manu  salsasque  ferat  praesepibus  herbas. 
incendo : 

narcissum  casiamque  herbas  incenditt  olentes. 
ingero : 

hist  salis  inspargitt  micas,  sale  dunas  adesot 

caseus  adiciturt,  dictas  super  ingeritt  herbas,     - 

et  laeva  vestemt  saetosa  sub  inguinat  fulcit. 

madefacio : 

levi  cum  sanguine  Nisus 

labitur  infelix,  caesis  ut  forte  iuvencis 

fusus  humum  viridisque  super  madefecerat  herbas.  A.  V.  330. 
misceo :  saevae  novercae 

miscueruntque  herbas  et  non  innoxia  verba. 

hippomanes,  quod  saepe  malae  legere  novercae 

miscueruntque  herbas  et  non  innoxia  verba, 
rumino : 

ille  latust  niveum  molli  fultus  hyacintho 

ilice  sub  nigra  pallentis  ruminat  herbas 

<herbis  R>. 
seco:  [for  the  stallion] 

florentisque  secant  herbas  fluviosque  ministrant 

farraque,  ne  blando  nequeatt  superesse  labori 

invalidique  patrum  referant  ieiuniat  nati. 


M.  98. 


G.  II.  129. 
G.  III.  283. 


E.  VI.  54. 


G.  III.  126. 


m 


p.  With  prep.: 

saepe  etiam  steriles  incendere  profuit  agros  . 
seu  plures  calor  ille  vias  et  caeca  relaxat 
spiramenta,  novas  veniat  qua  sucus  in  herbas. 


G.  I.  90. 


per: 


it  nigrum  campis  agmen  praedamque  per  herbas 

convectant  calle  angusto.  A.  IV.  404. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


93 


G.  III.  436. 
G.  III.  162. 


net  mihi  tumt  mollis  sub  divot  carpere  somnos 

neu  dorso  nemoris  libeat  iacuisse  per  herbas, 

cum  positis  novus  exuviis  nitidusque  iuventa 

volvitur. 

cetera  pascuntur  viridis  armenta  per  herbas. 

att  pectore  puro 
saepe  super  tenero  prostemit  gramine  corpus, 
florida  cumt  tellus,  gemmantis  picta  per  herbas, 
vere  notatt  dulcit  distincta  color ibust  arva. 
laeta  boum  passim  campis  armenta  videmus 
caprigenumque  pecus  nullo  custode  per  herbas.       A.  III.  221. 


Cu.  70. 


4.    Abl.     a.  With  verbs  and  particip,: 

cum  exustus  ager  morientibus  aestuat  herbis, 
ecce  supercilio  clivosi  tramitis  undam 
elicitt?  G.  I.  107. 

formae  magnorum  ululare  luporum, 
quos  hominum  ex  facie  dea  saeva  potentibus  herbis 


induerat  Circe  in  voltus  ac  terga  ferarum. 

tum  casia  atque  aliis  intexens  suavibus  herbis 
mollia  luteola  pingit  vaccinia  calta. 

Hippolytum   ....  ad  sidera  rursus 
aetheria  et  superas  caeli  venisse  sub  auras, 
Paeoniist  revocatum  herbis  et  amore  Dianae. 

quis  humum  florentibus  herbist 
spargeret  aut  viridi  fontes  induceret  umbra? 

ille  retortot 
Paeoniumt  in  morem  senior  succinctus  amictu 
multa  manu  medica  Phcebique  potentibus  herbist 
nequiquam  trepidat. 

fi.  With  adj.: 

immo  ego  Sardoniis  videar  tibi  amarior  herbis, 
horridior  rusco.  1 

hortus  erat  iunctus  casulae, 

exiguus  spatio,  variis  sed  fertilis  herbis. 
at  quae  pinguis  humus  dulcique  uligine  laeta, 
quique  frequens  herbis  et. fertilis  ubere  campus 
hie  tibi  praevalidas  olim  multotque  fluentis 
sufficiet  baccho  vitis. 


A.  VII.  19. 
E.  II.  49. 

A  .VII.  769. 
E.  IX.  19. 


A.  XII.  402. 


E.  VII.  41. 
M.  63. 


G.  II.  185. 


94 


ab: 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


y.  With  prep,: 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


95 


e: 


color  est  et  pluribus  unus, 
nee  de  lacte  nitens,  quia  tot  variatur  abt  herbist.  M.  io6. 

[the  bees] 
verum  ipsaet  e  foliis  natos,  e  Ksed  R>  suavibus  herbis 


in 


ore  legunt. 

pastor 

anxius  insidiis  nullis,  sed  lentus  in  herbis 

securo  pressust  somno  mandaveratt  artus. 

'hinc  laetis  vituH  volgo  moriuntur  in  herbis 

et  dulcis  animas  plena  ad  prsesepia  reddunt. 

in  primis  venerare  deos,  atque  annua  magnae 

sacra  refer  Cereri  laetis  operatus  in  herbist 

extremae  sub  casum  hiemis,  iam  vere  sereno. 


G.  IV.  200. 

Cu.  159. 
G.  III.  494. 

G.  I-  339- 


IV.     Modifiers;    o.  Gen,: 
frumenti,  G.  I.  134;  graminis,  E.  V.  26;  Phoebi,  A.  XII.  402. 

fi.  Adj.  (23)  : 

agrestis,  Cu.  88;  alta,  G.  IV.  459;  facilis,  G.  IV.  272;  fallax, 
E.  IV.  24;  florens,  E.  IX.  19,  G.  III.  126;  gemmans,  Cu.  70; 
laeta,  G.  I.  339,  III.  494;  magna,  G.  II.  251;  molHs,  E.  VII. 
45;  olens,  E.  II.  11,  Ci.  370;  Paeonia,  A.  VII.  769;  pallens,  E. 
VI.  54;  potens,  A.  VII.  19,  XII.  402;  Sabinat,  Cu.  404;  salsa, 
G.  III.  395;  Sardonia,  E.  VII.  41;  simplex,  G.  III.  528;  suavis, 
E.  II.  49,  G.  IV.  200;  supera,  G.  III.  465;  tenera,  E.  VIII. 
15,  G.  I.  1X2,  III.  326,  L.  66;  ulla,  G.  III.  352;  varia,  M.  63; 
viridis,  E.  VI.  59,  G.  III.  162,  A.  V.  300,  Cu.  115. 

Gratus^  pleasing,  acceptable,  dear,  delightful,  (27), 
1,  Form:  Gratus,  A.  X.  392 ;  grata,  M.  55,  76,  Ci.  297,  Cu.  41, 
230;  gratumt,  Cu.  66;  grati,  A.  XI.  217;  gratae,  Cu.  76;  grata, 

A.  VIII.  283;  gratior  (masc),  G.  III.  211 ;  gratior  . 
VIII.  Gratus.   (fern.),  E.  VI.  11,  G.  IV.  402,  A.  V.  28,  344;  gratis- 

simus,  E.  VIII.  15,  G.  III.  326,  A.  VIII.  64,  IX. 
327;  gratissima  (fem.),  A.  II.  269,  III.  73,  V.  128,  X.  158,  607, 
XII.  I42t,  Ci.  473;  gratissima  (neut.),  Cu.  94. 

II.     Metric: 

Every  example  of  the  superlative  of  gratus  is  the  last  word 
but  one  in  the  verse.     The  superlative  is  used  twelve  times. 


A.  XI.  127. 


Cu.  76. 


M.  55- 


III.     Usage: 

A,    Positive,     i.  With  pronoutP: 
nos  vero  haec  patriam  grati  referemus  ad  urbem 
et  te,  siqua  viam  dederit  fortuna.  Latino 
iimgemus  regi. 

2.     With  nouns: 
capellae : 

illi  sunt  gratae  rorantes  lacte  capellae 
et  nemus  et  fecunda  Pales  et  vallibus  intust 
semper  opaca  novis  manantia  fontibus  antra. 
Ceres : 

verum  aliam  sibi  quaeritt  opem,  neu  sola  palato 
sit  nont  grata  ceres,  quas  iungat  comparat  escas. 
dona : 

instaurant  epulas  et  mensae  grata  secundae 

dona  ferunt  cumulantque  oneratis  lancibus  aras.  A.  VIII.  283. 
error : 

vos  etiam,  gemini,  Rutulis  cecidistis  in  agrist, 

Daucia,  Laride  Thymberque,  simillima  proles, 

indiscreta  suis  gratusque  parentibus  error.  A.  X.  392. 

requies : 

hie  sisert  et  nomen  capiti  debentiat  porrat,   ... 

grataque  nobilium  requies  lactuca  ciborum, 

crescit. 

toreuma: 

nect  fulgor  in  ulla 

cognitus  utilitate  manett  nee  pocula  gratumt 

Alconist  referentt  Boethitque  toreuma. 
virgo : 

atque  utinam  celerit  net  tantum  grata  Dianae 
Gnosia  neut  Parthot  contendens  spicula  cornu 
venatus  esses  virgo  sectata  virorum ! 
Dictaeas  ageres  ad  gramina  nota  capellast. 
vita  : 

et  tibi  sede  pia  maneat  locus,  et  tibi  sospes 
debita  felicis  memoreturt  vita  per  annos, 
grata  bonis  lucens. 
voluntas : 

poena  sitt  exitium,  modo  sitt  dumt  grata  voluntas, 
existat  par  officium. 


M.  76. 


Cu.  66. 


Ci.  297. 


Cu.  41. 


'I  ■ 


1 


i4 


Cxi,  230. 


_>i'S'VV^'<tf  V-*-, 


96 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


B.     Compar,  with  nouns: 
pagina : 

nee  Phcebo  gratior  ullast, 

quam  sibi  quae  Vari  praescripsit  pagina  nomen.         E.  VI.  ii. 

tellus : 

an  sit  mihi  gratior  ulla, 

quove  magis  fessas  optem  demitteret  navis, 

quam  quae  Dardanium  tellus  mihi  servat  Acesten  ?    A.  V.  28. 

umbra : 

medios  cum  sol  accenderitt  aestus, 

cum  sitiunt  herbae  et  pecori  iam  gratior  umbrast.    G.  IV.  402. 

usus : 

sed  non  ulla  magis  viris  industria  firmat, 

quam  Venerem  et  caeci  stimulos  avertere  amoris 

sive  bovom  sive  est  quoit  gratior  usus  equorum.  G.  III.  211. 

virtus : 

tutatur  favor  Euryalum  lacrimaeque  decorae 

gratior  et  pulchro  veniens  in  corpore  virtus.  A.  V.  344. 

C.    SuperL  with  nouns: 
amnis : 

ego  sum,  pleno  quem  flumine  cemis  .    .    . 

caeruleus  Thybris,  caelo  gratissimus  amnis.  A.  VIII.  64. 

augur: 

rex  idem  et  regi  Turno  gratissimus  augur.  A.  IX.  327. 

coniunx : 

lunonem  interea  compellat  luppiter  ultro: 

*o  germana  mihi  atque  eadem  gratissima  coniunx.*  A.  X.  607. 
Delos : 

liquitur  ante  alias  longe  gratissima  Delos 

Nereidum  matri  et  Neptuno  Aegaeo.  Ci.  473. 

Ida: 

imminet  Ida  super,  profugis  gratissima  Teucris.     A.  X.  158. 
nympha : 

nympha,  decus  fluviorum,  animo  gratissima 

<M  carissima  PR>  nostro.         A.  XII.  142. 
quies : 

tempus  erat,  qu6  prima  quies  mortalibus  aegris 

incipit  et  dono  divom  gratissima  serpit.  A.  II.  269. 

ros: 

cum  ros  in  tenera  pecori  gratissimus  herba.  E.  VIII.  15. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 

luciferit  primo  cum  sidere  frigida  rura 
carpamus,  dum  mane  novom,  dum  gramina  canent, 


97 


et  ros  in  tenera  pecori  gratissimus  herba. 
statio : 

tranquillo  silet  immotaque  attolitur  unda 
campus  et  apricis  statio  gratissima  mergis. 
tellus : 

sacra  mari  colitur  medio  gratissima  tellus 
Nereidum  matri  et  Neptuno  Aegaeo. 
Tempe :  ♦ 

o  pecudes,  o  panes  et  o  gratissima  tempe 
fontist  hamadryadumt. 

Gratus  is  out  of  its  alphabetical  order,  so  that  gramen  and 
herba  may  be  given  side  by  side  in  this  specimen  of  the  lexicon. 


G.  III.  326. 


A.  V.  128. 


A.  III.  73. 


Cu.  94. 


SciNDO,  to  cut,  tear,  split,  cleave,  divide,  separate,  rend,  break  up, 

plough.  (20). 
I.     Form:    Scindit,  G.  IV.  420,  A.  I.  161,  587,  VIII.  142, 
XII.  870;  scindimus,  G.  I.  50;  scindebat,  A.  VII.  510;  scinde- 

bant,  G.  I.  144;  scindere,  G.  III.  160,  A.  IX. 
IX.  Scindere,  ^4^,  XI.  137;  scindens,  A.  X.  765;  scinditur,  A. 
including  II.  39,  VI.  182;  scissa  (fem.),  A.  IX.  478;  scissa, 

Proscindere.     A.  VIII.  702,  XII.  609;  scissumt,  Ca.  XIII.   (V.) 

39;  scissa  (neut.),  M.  36;  scindendum,  G.  II.  399. 


G.  I.  50. 


II.     Usage: 

A.     With  simple  object: 
aequor : 

att  prius  ignotum  ferro  quam  scindimus  aequor. 
cedrum : 

ferro  sonat  alta  bipenni 
fraxinus,  evertunt  actas  ad  sidera  pinus, 
robora  nee  cuneis  et  olentem  scindere  cedrum 

nee  plaustris  cessant  vectare  gementibus  omos.     A.  XI.  137. 
crinis : 

att  procul  ut  Dirae  stridorem  adgnovit  et  alas, 
infelix  crinis  scindit  luturna  solutos, 

unguibus  ora  soror  foedans  et  pectora  pugnis.       A.  XII.  870. 
lignum : 

nam  primi  cuneis  scindebant  fissile  lignum.  G.  I.  144. 


98 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


99 


A.  VII.  510. 


G.  III.  160. 
[vallum 


quercum:  vocat  agmina  Tyrrhus, 

quadrifidam  quercufn  cuneis  ut  forte  coactis 
scindebatt,  rapta  spirans  immane  securi. 

terrain : 

post  partum  cura  in  vitulos  traducitur  omnis, 
continuoque  notas  et  nomina  gentis  inurunt, 
et  quos  aut  pecori  malint  summittere  habendo 
aut  aris  servare  sacros  aut  scindere  terrain 
et  campum  horrentem  fractis  invertere  glsebis. 

vallum : 

*sic  <Rb.  sed  mss.  &  edd.>  vos,  o  lecti,  ferro  quit  scindere 

apparat  et  mecum  invadit  trepidantia  castra'..      A.  XI.  146. 

viam: 

quam  magnus  Orion, 

cum  pedes  incedit  medii  per  maxima  Nerei 

stagna  viam  scindens,  umero  supereminet  undas.    A.  X.  765. 

B.     With  reHex,: 

est  specus  ingens 
exesi  latere  in  montis,  quo  plurima  vento 
cogitur  inque  sinus  scindit  sese  unda  reductos, 
deprensis  olim  statio  tutissima  nautis. 

quibus  omnis  ab  alto 
frangitur  inque  sinus  scindit  sese  unda  reductos. 
vix  ea  fatus  erat,  cum  circumfusa  repente 
scindit  se  nubes  et  in  aethera  purgat  apertum. 
sic  genus  amborum  scindit  se  sanguine  ab  uno.  A.  VIII.  142. 

robur*  ^*    ^^^'^-  '^^^  sttbj.  nom.: 

sonat  icta  securibus  ilex 

fraxineaeque  trabes  cuneis  et  fissile  robur 

scinditur. 

solum : 

namque  omne  quotannis 

terque  quaterque  solum  scindendum  glaebaque  versis 

aeternum  frangenda  bidentibus.  G.  II.  399. 

trabes:     znd,  robur, 

volgus : 

scinditur  incertum  studia  in  contraria  volgus.  A.  II.  39. 

D.    Particip,: 

scissa : 

evolat  infelix  et  femineo  ululatu, 


G.  IV.  420. 
A.  I.  161. 
A.  I.  587. 


A.  VI.  182. 


A.  VIII.  702. 

A.  XII.  609. 

M.  36. 


1st 
Jd 
5d 
zst 
ad 

3d 


scissa  comam,  muros  amens  atque  agmina  cursu 
.    P^i"^a  petit.  A.  IX.  478. 

scissum : 

videbo  habentemt  praetert  ignavos  nihil 

fratres  et  iratum  lovem 
scissumtque  ventremt  et  hemiosit  patrui 
^       ^     pedes  inediat  turgidos.  Ca.  XIII.  (V.)  39. 

saevit  medio  in  certamine  Mavors 
caelatus  ferro  tristesque  ex  aethere  Diraet, 
et  scissa  gaudens  vadit  Discordia  palla. 

it  scissa  veste  Latinus, 
coniugis  attonitus  fatis  urbisque  ruina. 
scissa  : 

continuis  rimis  calcanea  scissa  rigebant. 

II.     Modifiers;    a.  Adz\: 
repente,  A.  I.  586 ;  terque  quaterque,  G.  II.  399. 

13.  Instru,  ahl: 

cuneis,  G.  I.  144,  A.  VI.  181,  VII.  509,  XL 
137;  ferro,  G.  I.  50,  A.  IX.  146. 

Proscindo,  to  plough,  to  break  up, 
sin  in  sua  posse  negabunt 
ire  loca  et  scrobibus  superabit  terra  repletis, 
spissus  ager :  glaebist  cunctantis  crassaque  terga 
expectat  et  validis  terram  proscinde  iuvencis. 

iuvat  arva 

et  qui,  proscisso  quae  suscitat  aequore  terga, 
rursus  in  obliquom  verso  perrumpit  aratro. 

Eel.  Geo.  Aen.  Min.  Total. 
Video,    25      33      214      24       296 

Active 
Indicative  Subjunctive 

Pres.  Imp.  Fut.  Perf.  Plu.  Fut.  Pf.  Pres.  Imp.  Perf.  Plu. 

5  6       a6  I 

21  82  2  26 

27      4         4       38  I  3         3  31 

7  8 

4  I 

15  {-ere). 
7214  (-erunt).  i  (—203) 


G.  11.  237. 


G.  I.  97. 


X.    Videre. 


i 


lOO 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


In/iniHve : 

Participles : 

Pres.        8 

Pres. 

Future 

Perf.        6 

Sing  PI. 

Sing.  PI. 

Nom. 

3 

I 

Nom.        I        I 

Dat. 

I 

Gerund : 
Gen.    I 
Abl.     I 

Ace 

2 

(- 
Supine : 
Abl.    9 

Total, 

34) 
237. 

Indicative 

Passive 

Subjunctive 

Pres.  Imp.  Put. 

Perf.  Plu.  Put.  Pf. 

Pres.  Imp.  Perf.  Plu. 

1st 

3      3 

I 

I 

2d 
3d 

2        I             I 

6 
13 

(masc.) 
(fern.) 

1st 

I 

5 

(neut.) 

2d 

I 

(masc.) 

# 

3d 

4 

I 
4 

(fem.) 
(neut.) 

(- 

47) 

Infinitive : 

Participles : 

Pres.    8 

Mas.  Fejn.  Neut. 

Gerundive : 

Nom. 

I 

Fern,  ace 

.     I 

Ace 

Abl. 

I 

I                           (- 
Total, 

12) 
59. 

ViDEO^  to  see;  to  be  seen,  to  appear,  to  seem,  to  seem  best,  to  seem 

good, 
I.     Form:    Video,  A.  III.  26,  IX.  20,  X.  674,  XII.  149,  Cu. 
2i6t;  vides,  E.  X.  48,  G.  I.  56,  III.  103,  250,  A.  I.  338,  583, 

II.  609,  III.  316,  IV.  416,  VI.  323,  760,  779,  VIII.  117,  356, 
IX.  210,  739,  XI.  179,  XII.  33,  Ci.  268,  Ca.  II.*  3,  XII.  (IV.)  4; 
videt,  E.  V.  57,  VII.  8,  G.  I.  243,  A.  I.   128,  3o8t,  456,  510, 

III.  518,  IV.  83,  469,  V.  612,  VI.  454,  549,  703,  VII.  89,  290,  37d, 
IX.  396,  555,  X.  652,  XII.  2,  861,  918,  Cu.  174,  Ci.  182,  471,  L. 
4;  videmus,  G.  I.  451,  II.  32,  A.  III.  220,  522,  584,  655,  XI.  349; 
videtis,  A.  II.  350,  III.  497,  XI.  309,  Ca.  X.  (VIII.)  i ;  vident, 
A.  II.  485,  VI.  163,  VIII.  99,  529,  IX.  317,  780,  XII.  408; 
videbat,  A.I.  466,  VI.  860,  IX.  352,  639;  videbant,  A.  II.  125, 
VIII.  360;  videbo,  E.  I.  76,  A.  V.  634,  X.  671,  XII.  63,  Ca. 
XIII.  (V.)  22t,  37;  videbis,  G.  I.  365,  455,  A.  IV.  490,  566,  VI. 
873,  XI.  53,  XII.  679,  839;  videbit,  E.  IV.  15,  A.  II.  579,  XI. 
394,  XII.  645t;  videbunt,  A.  VII.   loi ;  vidi,  E.  I.  42,  II.  25, 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


lOI 


III.  17,  VIII.  38,  41,  99,  G.  I.  193,  197,  318,  A.  II.  s,  347,  499, 
SOI,  561,  746,  III.  537,  623,  626,  IV.  358,  655,  VI.  582,  585,  XII. 
638,  Cu.  227t,  Ci.  430,  534;  vidisti,  E.  III.  14,  A.  IX.  269;  vidit, 
G.  II.  502,  IV.  459,  502,  A.  II.  507,  519,  III.  307,  596,  IV. 
453,  587,  VI.  495t,  684,  VIII.  610,  IX.  549,  X.  365,  441,  454,  721, 
790,  821,  XI.  40,  263,  854,  909,  XII.  222,  324,  446,  Cu.  201,  Ci. 
80;  vidimus,  E.  X.  26,  G.  I.  472,  A.  I.  584,  II.  643,  III.  567, 
IX.  244,  XI.  243,  367;  vidistis,  A.  I.  322;  videre,  E.  VI.  14, 
IX.  54,  G.  I.  490,  A.  VI.  490,  VIII.  107,  222,  IX.  683,  X.  573, 

XI.  892,  XII.  447,  937,  Cu.  305  (bis),  3C9t,  Ci.  510;  viderunt,  A. 

IX.  144,  X.  139,  XI.  147,  XII.  542;  videris,  G.  III.  465,  IV.  414; 
viderit,  A.  I.  265;  videas,  E.  VII.  56,  G.  I.  387;  videat,  G.  III. 
476,  A.I.  182,  IV.  617;  viderem,  A.  XI.  270;  videres,  E.  VI. 
27t,  A.  IV.  410,  VIII.  676,  XI.  43,  XII.  636,  810;  videret,  A. 
III.  52,  XI.  417,  797;  viderent,  G.  I.  391 ;  viderit,  A.  IX.  729, 

X.  744,  Ci.  sot;  vidisset,  A.  V.  411 ;  videre,  G.  II.  438,  III.  23, 
182,  A.  II.  28,  VI.  134,  818,  Ca.  I.  I,  IV.  (XIII.)  2t;  vidisse, 
G.  IV.  127,  A.  III.  431,  VI.  454,  487,  VIII.  3S3,  Ci.  4SS; 
videns,  E.  I.  69,  A.  VI.  419,  VIII.  19;  videnti,  E.  VI.  21; 
videntem,  A.  II.  SSS,  IX.  34s ;  videntes,  G.  I.  3S4;  visurus,  A. 
VIII.  S7^'>  visuri,  A.  V.  108;  videndi,  A.  II.  137;  videndo,  G. 
III.  215;  visu,  A.  I.  Ill,  III.  621,  VI.  277,  VII.  78, 
VIII.  234,  IX.  46s,  521,  X.  637,  XII.  2S2t;  videor,  E.  IX.  3s, 
X.  58,  A.  IX.  19s;  videtur,  G.  I.  39s,  A.  IV.  467 ;  videmur,  A. 

XII.  910;  videntuf,  G.  III.  108,  A.  I.  396,  494,  V.  231 ;  videbar, 
A.  II.  279,  730,  III.  I74t;  videbatur,  A.  VIII.  707;  videbitur, 
E.  IV.  16;  visus  (est),  G.  IV.  89,  A.  II.  271,  682,  732,  VIII. 
33,  IX.  Ill ;  visa  est,  A.  IV.  287,  S57,  XII.  147;  visa  (est),  G. 
III.  S 10,  A.  I.  326,  II.  773,  III.  206,  V.  637,  722,  768,  VI.  871, 
VII.  73,  406;  visum  est,  G.  IV.  394,  A.  IX.  37s;  visum  (est), 
A.  II.  428,  624,  III.  2;  visi  (sunt),  A.  III.  iso;  visa  (sunt),  A. 
VI.  257;  visa  (sunt),  G.  I.  478,  A.  III.  90,  IV.  461,  VIII.  S2S; 
videar,  E.  VII.  41 ;  viderer,  A.  IV.  330;  videri,  E.  III.  6$,  VI. 
24,  A.  II.  461,  S9I,  VI.  49,  VIII.  604,  X.  267,  XII.  216;  visa 
(nom.),  A.  V.  610;  visum,  A.  VI.  409;  viso,  A.  X.  787;  viden- 
dam,  A.  II.  S89. 

II.     Usage:     I.     Active:    A.     Absolute  i. 
saepibus  in  nostris  parvam  te  roscida  mala 

.    .    .  vidi  cum  matre  legentem.   .    .    . 
ut  vidi  ut  perii,  ut  me  malus  abstulit  error.  E.  VIII.  41. 


I02 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


103 


nee  minim,  vultu  decepta  puella 
ut  vidi  ut  perii,  ut  me  malus  abstulit  error. 


Ci.  430- 


G.  III.  103. 


A.  III.  623. 


2.     Parenthetical: 

ille,  vides,  pura  iuvenis  qui  nititur  hasta, 

proxima  sorte  tenet  lucis  loca.  A.  VI.  760. 

ille  (vides),  nostris  quit  moenibus  adsidett  hostis, 

quern  pater  ipse  deum  sceptri  donavit  honore.  Ci.  268. 

3.     With  ohj,  implied: 

nonne  vides,  cum  praecipiti  certamine  campum 

corripuere  ruuntque  effusi  carcere  currus, 

cum  spes  arrectae  iuvenum,  exultantiaque  haurit 

corda  pavor  pulsans? 

vidi  egomet  duo  de  numero  cum  corpora  nostro 

prensa  manu  magna   ... 

frangeret  ad  saxum  sanieque  expersat  natarent 

limina. 

vidi  atro  cum  membra  fluentia  tabo 
manderet  et  tepidit  tremerent  sub  dentibus  artus.  A.  III.  626. 
[Aenean] 

nee  vidisse  semel  satis  est ;  iuvat  usque  morari.       A.  VI.  487. 
ingemuit  cari  graviter  genitoris  amore, 
ut  vidit,  Lausus.  A.  X.  790. 

Deliat  saepe  tibi  venit.  mihit,  Tucca,  videre 
non  licet.  Ca.  I.  i. 

B.     With  complement :     i.    De: 

'nunc  morere.  ast  de  me  divom  pater  atque  hominum  rex 
viderit.'  A.  X.  744. 

2.    Ind,  quest,: 

nonne  vides,  utt  tota  tremor  pertemptett  equorum 

corpora,  si  tantum  notas  odor  attulit  auras?  G.  III.  250. 

namque  videbat,  uti  bellantes  Pergama  circum 

hac  fugerent  Grai,  premeret  Troiana  inventus; 

hac  Phryges,  instaret  curru  <mss.  &  edd.  cursu.  Ld.> 

cristatus  Achilles.       A.  I.  466. 

si  vobis  audentemt  extrema  cupido  ' 

certa  sequit,  quae  sit  rebus  fortuna  videtis.  A.  II.  350. 

nee  quae  sonitum  det  causa  videmus.  A.  III.  584. 


spes  sibi  quisque,  sed  haec  quam  angusta  videtis. 

A.  XI.  309. 
ex  illo  qui  me  casust,  quae,  Turne,  sequantur 

bella,  vides,  quantos  primus  patiaret  labores.  A.  XII.  33. 


3.     Vt  with  indie.: 

nonne  vides  croeeos  ut  Tmolust  odores, 
India  mittitt  ebur,  molles  sua  tura  Sabaei, 
at  Chalybes  nudi  ferrum,  virosatquet  Pontus 
castorea,  Eliadum  palmas  Epiros  equarum? 

viden  ut  geminae  stant  vehice  eristae 
et  pater  ipse  suo  superum  iam  signatt  honore  ? 

videot  utt  flagrantia  taedis 
liminat  conlucentt  infestist  omniat  templis. 


G.  I.  56. 

A.  VI.  779. 

Cu.  216. 


4.    Rel,  pron,  with  indie: 
vidisti  quo  Tumus  equo,  quibust  ibat  in  armis 


aureus. 


A.  IX.  269. 


5.     Ace.  and  inf.:    a.     Pres.  act.: 
cum  subito  Aeneas  eoncursu  accedere  magno 
Anthea  Sergestumque  videt  fortemque  Cloanthum 
Teucrorumque  alios. 

ut  celsas  videre  ratest  atque  inter  opacum 
adlahi  nemus  et  tacitist  incumbere  remis, 
terrentur  visu  subito. 

saepe  etiam  Stellas  vento  inpendente  videbis 
praecipites  caelo  labi,  noctisque  per  umbram 
flammarum  longos  a  tergo  albescere  traetus ; 
saepe  levem  paleam  et  frondes  volitare  caducas, 
aut  summa  nantis  in  aqua  eolludere  plumas. 
regina  e  spyeculis  ut  primamt  albescere  lucem 
vidit  et  aequatis  classem  procedere  velis. 
te  quoque  magnanimaet  viderunt,  Ismare,  gentes 
volnera  derigeret  et  calamos  armare  veneno. 
quo  subi  confertos  auderef  in  proelia  vidi, 
incipio  super  his. 

ibi  ignem 
defieere  extremum  et  religatost  rite  videbat 
car  per  e  gramen  equos. 


A.  I.  510. 


A.  VIII.  107. 


G.  I.  365. 
A.  IV.  587. 
A.  X.  139. 
A.  II.  347. 

A.  IX.  352. 


Ml 


1 

r. 


I04  The  Plan  and  Scope 

ne  noctuma  quidem  carpentes  pensa  puellae 
nescivere  hiemem,  testa  cum  ardente  viderent 
scintillare  oleum  et  putris  concrescere  fungos. 
saepe  ego,  cum  flavis  messorem  induceret  arvis 
agricola  et  fragfili  iam  stringeret  hordea  culmo, 
omnia  ventorum  conctirrercf  prcelia  vidi. 
ergo  inter  sese  paribus  concurrere  telis 
Romanas  acies  iterum  videre  Philippi. 
nunc  iuvenem  inparibus  video  concurrere  fatis, 
Parcarumque  dies  et  vis  inimica  propinquat. 
condere;  vid.  c.  infra, 
conlucere;  vid.  c.  infra, 
conludere;  vid.  albescere, 

att  non  viderunt  mcenia  Troiae 
Neptuni  fabricata  manu  considerc  in  ignis  ? 
postquam  cuncta  videt  caelo  constare  sereno, 
dat  clarum  e  puppi  signum. 
tu  quoque  Laurentes  viderunt,  Aeole,  campit 
oppetere  et  late  terram  constemere  tergo. 
quem  simul  ac  lutuma  soror  crebrescere  vidit 
sermonem  et  volgi  variare  labantiat  corda, 

in  medias  dat  sese  acies. 

iam  variaet  pelagi  volucres  ett  quaet  Asia  circum 

dulcibus  in  stagnis  rimantur  prata  Caystri, 

certatim  largos  umeris  infundere  rores : 

nunc  caput  ot)iectare  fretis,  nunc  ciirrere  in  undast 

et  studio  incassum  videas  gestire  lavandi.  G.  I.  387. 

Arcadas  insuetos  acies  inferre  pedestris 

ut  vidit  Pallas  Latio  dare  terga  sequaci   .    .    . 

nunc  prece,  nunc  dictis  virtutem  accendit  amaris.    A.  X.  365. 

quod  vitam  moror  invisam  Pallante  perempto, 

dextera  causa  tuast,  Tumum  gnatoque  patrique 

quamt  deb  ere  vides. 

deiicere;    vid.  car  per  e, 

vidi  lecta  diu  et  multot  spectata  labore 

degenerare  tamen. 

derigere;     znd.  arniare, 

mugire  videbis 
sub  pedibus  terram  et  descendere  montibus  omos. 

A.  IV.  490. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


105 


G.  I.  391. 

G.  I.  318. 

G.  I.  490. 

A.  XII.  149. 

E.  VIII.  99. 

A.  IV.  566. 

G.  I.  365. 

A.  IX.  144. 

A.  III.  518. 

A.  XII.  542. 

A.  XII.  222. 


A.  XI.  179. 
A.  IX.  352. 

G.  I.  197. 
A.  X.  139. 


in  medio  classis  aeratas,  Actia  bella, 

cemere  erat  totumque  instruct©  Marte  videres 

fervere  Leucaten  auroque  efftdgere  fluctus.        A.  VIII.  676. 

hoc  etiam,  emenso  cum  iam  decedit  Olympo, 

prof uerit  meminisse  magis ;  nam  saepe  videmus 


ipsius  in  voltu  varios  errare  colores. 

non  ego  te  vidi  Damonis,  pessime,  caprum 

excipere  insidiis ? 

excire;    vid.  c.  infra, 

et  saepe  alterius  ramos  impune  videmus 

vertere  in  alterius  mutatamque  insita  mala 

ferre  pirum,  et  prunis  lapidosa  rubescere  corna. 

talia  vociferans  sequitur  strictumque  coruscat 

mucronem  nee  ferre  videt  sua  gaudia  ventos. 

sint  maculae  incipientt  rutilo  inmiscerier  igni, 

omnia  tum  pariter  vento  nimbisque  videbis 

fervere. 

fervere;  vid.  c.  infra, 

fervere;  vid  effulgere, 

Mere;  vid.  e.  infra, 

gestire;  vid.  currere, 

habere;  vid.  c.  infra, 

incumbere;  vid.  adlabi. 


G.  I.  451. 

E.  III.  17. 
A.  VIII.  99. 


G.  II.  32. 
A.  X.  652. 


G.  I.  455. 

A.  IV.  566. 

A.  VIII.  676. 

A.  VII.  290. 

G.  I.  387. 

Ca.  XII.  (IV.)  4. 

A.  VIII.  107. 


atque  hie  Aeneas  (una  namque  ire  videbat 

egregium  forma  iuvenem  et  fulgentibus  armis, 

sed  fronst  laeta  parum  et  deiecto  luminat  voltu.      A.  VI.  860. 

hinc  genus  Ausonio  mixtum  quod  sanguine  surget, 

supra  homines,  supra  ire  deos  pietate  videbis.      A.  XII.  839. 

labi;  vid.  albescere,  q   j    -,5- 

tabidulamque  videt  labi  per  viscera  mortem.  Ci.  182. 

simul  incipit  ipse, 
tum  vero  in  numerum  faunosque  ferasque  viderest 
ludere,  tum  rigidast  motare  cacumina  quercus.        E.  VI.  2y. 
semina  vidi  equidem  multos  medicare  serentis 


G.  I.  193. 

A.  VII.  290. 

E.  VI.  27. 


et  nitro  prius  et  nigra  perfundere  amurca. 

moliri;  vid.  e.  infra, 

motare;  vid.  ludere, 

deint  tet  movere  lumbulost  in  caltulat 

prensis  videbot  altaribus 
flavumquet  propter  Thybrimt  olentes  nauticum 

vocare.  Ca.  XIII.  (V.)  22 


io6 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


A.  IV.  453. 

G.  I.  387- 

A.  XII.  542. 

E.  I.  y6, 

G.  I.  193. 

A.  IV.  587. 

A.  IV.  416. 


Cu.  174. 
G.  II.  32. 


mugire;  fid.  descendere,  A.  IV.  490. ' 

passimque  armenta  videbant 
Romanoque  foro  et  lautist  mugire  Carinis.        A.  VIII.  360. 
quo  magis  inceptum  peragat  lucemque  relinquat, 
vidit,  turicremis  cum  dona  imponeret  aris 
(horrendum  dictu),  latices  nigrescere  sacros 
fusaque  in  obscenum  se  vertere  vina  cruorem. 
ohiectare;  vid.  currere, 
op  pet  ere;  vid,  const  ernere, 
non  ego  vos  posthac  viridi  proiectus  in  antro 
dumosa  pendere  procul  de  rupe  videbo. 
perfundere;  vid,  medicare, 
procedere;  vid.  albescere, 
*Anna,  vides  toto  properari  litore :  circum 
undique  convenere.' 

metabatt  seset  circum  loca;  cum  videt  ingenst 
adversum  recubare  ducem  gregis,  acrior  instat 
lumina  diffundens  intendere. 
rubescere;  vid.  ferre, 
arma  inter  nubem  caeli  <in  PRy  suprascr.  M> 

regione  serena 
per  suidumt  rutilare  vident  et  pulsa  tonaret.        A.  VIII.  529. 
scintillare;  znd.  concrescere, 
horribilis  circum  vidit  set  sistere  formas 
piscibus  ettcanibusque  malist  vallatat  repentest. 
his  ubi  nequiquam  dictis  experta  Latinum 
contra  stare  videt  .... 
tum  vero  infelix,  ingentibus  excita  monstris, 
immensumt  sine  more  furit  lymphata  per  urbem.  A.  VII.  374. 

iam  pulvere  caelum 
stare  vident.  A.  XII.  408. 

agmina.     quae  postquam  matres  succedere  tectis 

viderunt,  maestam  incendunt  clamoribus  urbem.    A.  XI.  147. 

qualem  primo  qui  surgere  mense 
autt  videt  autt  vidisse  putat  per  nubila  lunam. 

[bis].  A.  VI.  454. 
vicisti,  et  victum  tendere  palmas 
Ausonii  videre. 
tonare;  znd.  rutilare, 
traducere;  vid.  c.  infra, 
variare;  ind.  crebrescere, 


G.  I.  391. 
Ci.  80. 


A.  XII.  937. 

A.  VIII.  529. 

E.  VIII.  99. 

A.  XII.  222. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


107 


vertere;  vid.  ferre,  G.  II.  32,  also  nigrescere,      A.  IV.  453. 
volitare;  vid.  albescere,  G.  I.  365. 

b.     Pres.  pass,: 
hunc  Polydorum  auri  quondam  cum  pondere  magno 
infelix  Priamus  furtim  mandarat  alendum 
Threicio  regi,  cum  iamt  diffideret  armis 
Dardaniae  antique  urbem  obsidione  videret.  A.  III.  52. 

dari;  vid.  c.  infra,  Ca.  XII.  (IV.)  4. 


E.  VIII.  99. 


A.  IV.  410. 
A.  XII.  810. 


aeri;  vid.  c.  infra, 

quosve  dabas  gemitus,  cum  litora  fervere  late 
prospiceres  arce  ect  summa  totumque  videres 
misceri  ante  oculos  tantis  clamoribus  aequor! 
nee  tu  me  aeria  solam  nunc  sede  videres 
digna  indigna  pati. 

qui  sanguine  nostrum 
nomen  in  astra  ferant  quorumque  at  stirpe  nepotes 
omnia  sub  pedibus,  qua  Sol  utrumque  recurrens 
aspicitt  Oceanum,  vertique  r^^tque  videbunt.      A.  VII.  loi. 
titrbari;  vid.  c.  infra,  A.  IV.  566. 

verti;  vid.  regi,  A.  VII.  loi. 

c.  Pres.  act.  and  pres.  pass.: 
his  ego  saepe  lupum  fieri  et  se  condere  silvis 
Mcerim,  saepe  animas  imis  excire  sepulchris 
atque  satas  alio  vidi  traducere  messis. 

iam  mare  turbarif  trabibus  saevasque  videbis 
conlucere  faces,  iam  fervere  litora  flammis, 
si  te  his  attigerit  terris  Aurora  morantem. 

sed,  ot  superbe  Noctuinet,  nont  vides 

duas  habere  filias  Atilium, 

duast,  et  banc  et  alteram,  tibi  dari. 


E.  VIII.  99. 


A.  IV.  566. 


Ca.  XII.  (IV.)  4. 


d.    Pf.  act.: 
lumina  tot  cecidisse  ducum  totamque  videmus 
consedisse  urbem  luctu,  dum  Troia  temptat 
castra. 
consedisse;  vid.  cecidisse, 

deseruisse;  vid.  e.  infra, 

» 

e.     Pres.  and  pf.  act.: 

moliri  iam  tecta  videt,  iam  Mere  terrae, 
deseruisse  rates. 


A.  XI.  349. 

A.  XL  349. 

A.  VII.  290. 


A.  VII.  290. 


A.  II.  561. 


A.  XI.  854. 
A.  X.  573. 


108  The  Plan  and  Scope 

6.     Ace.  and  particip,:    a.     Pres.  particip,: 

cedens;  vid.  c.  infra,  A.  XII.  324. 

vidi  et  crudelis  duntem  Salmonea  poenas.  A.  VI.  585. 

ac  prior  *heus,'  inquit,  'iuvenes,  monstrate,  mearum 
vidistis  siquam  hie  errantem  forte  sororum.  A.  I.  322. 

subiit  cari  genitoris  imago, 
ut  regem  aequaevom  crudeli  volnere  vidi 
vitam  exhalantem. 
atquet  illi  longe  gradientem  et  dira  frementem 
ut  videre,  metu  versi  retroque  ruentes 

effunduntque  ducem  rapiuntque  ad  litora  currust.    A.  X.  573. 
terga  dabo  et  Tumum  fugientem  haec  terra  videbitt? 

A.  XII.  645. 
fulgens;  znd.  laetans,  infra, 
gradiens;  vid,  fremens, 
videbo  habentemf  praetert  ignavos  nihil 

f  rat  res  et  iratum  lovem 
scissumtque  ventremt  et  herniosit  patrui 

pedes  inediat  turgidos.  Ca.  XIII.  (V.)  37. 

ast  alios  secum  includit  recipitque  mentis, 
demens,  qui  Rutulum  in  medio  non  ag^ine  regem 
viderit  inrumpentem.  A.  IX.  729. 

instantia  vidit 
alterius,  sine  respectu  mea  fatat  relinquens 
ad  pariles  agor  eventus. 

ipse  deum  manifesto  in  lumine  vidi 
intrantem  muros. 

Chromis  et  Mnasyllos  in  antro 
Silenum  pueri  somno  videre  iacentem. 

ut  vidit  laetantem  <M^  fulgentem  M^  PRy> 

animis  <M^  armis  M^  PRy> 
ac  vana  tumentem, 
*cur'  inquit  *diversus  abis?*  A.  XI.  854. 

saepibus  in  nostris  parvam  te  roscida  mala 

(dux  ego  vester  eram)  vidi  cum  matre  legentem,  E.  VIII.  38. 

hunc  ubi  miscentem  longe  media  agmina  vidit,  .    .    . 
sic  ruit  in  densos  alacer  Mezentius  hostis. 
stemitur  infelix  Acront. 

vix  ea  fatus  erat,  summo  cumt  monte  videmus 
ipsum  inter  pecudes  vasta  se  mole  mm'entem 
pastorem  Polyphemum  et  litora  nota  petentem. 


Cu.  227. 

A.  IV.  358. 
E.  VI.  14. 


A.  X.  721. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 

palans;  vid,  c.  infra, 

et  nunc  palantisf  video  gemitumque  cadentum 
accipio ! 

inrumpunt  aditus  Rutuli  ut  videre  patentisf, 
petens;  znd.  tnovens, 

dixit,  et  ex  oculis  subito  ceu  fumus  in  auras 
commixtus  tenuis  fugitt  diversa,  neque  ilium 
prensantem  nequiquam  umbras  et  multa  volentemt 


109 
A.  IX.  780. 

A.  X.  674. 
A.  IX.  683. 
A.  III.  655. 


G.  IV.  502. 


A.  I.  265. 

Ci.  510. 
A.  III.  567. 

E.  X.  26. 


dicere  praeterea  vidit 

bellum  ingens  geret  Italia  populpsque  feroces 

contundett  moresque  viris  et  moenia  ponet, 

tertia  dum  Latio  regnantem  viderit  aestas. 

numquam  illamtpost  haect  oculi  videre  suorum 

purpureas  flavot  retinentemf  vertice  vittas. 

rorans;  vid,  c.  infra^ 

Pan  deus  Arcadiae  venit,  quem  vidimus  ipsi 

sanguineis  ebuli  bacis  minioque  ruhentem, 

ilia  quidem,  dumt  te  fugeret  per  flumina  praeceps, 

immanem  ante  pedes  hydrum  moritura  puella 

servantem  ripas  alta  non  vidit  in  herba.  G.  IV.  459. 

armatosque  vident  stantis  in  limine  primo.  A.  II.  485. 

isque  ubi  tendentem  adversum  per  gramina  vidit 

Aenean,  alacrist  palmas  utrasque  tetendit.  A.  VI.  684. 

quattuor  hie,  primum  omen,  equos  in  gramine  vidi 

tondentes  campum  late.  A.  III.  537. 

tumens;  vid.  laetans,  A.  XI.  854. 

undans;  vid,  c.  infra,  A.  II.  609. 

vidit  ab  adverso  venientis  aggeret  Turnus, 

videre  Ausonii.  [bis].  A.  XII.  446. 

volens;  vid.  prensans,  G.  IV.  502. 

multa  modis  simulacra  videt  volitantia  miris.         A.  VII.  89. 


A.  III.  655. 


b.     Pf.  particip.: 
avolstis;  vid.  e.  infra, 

desertosque  videt  portus  classemque  relictam. 
disiectam  Aeneae  toto  videt  aequore  classem, 
fluetibus  oppressos  Troas  eaelique  ruinat. 
disiectus;  znd.  c.  infra, 

[arcem  et  ealamos]  quae  tu,  perverse  Menalca, 
et  cum  vidisti  puero  donata,  dolebas. 


A.  II.  609. 
A.  V.  612. 

A.  I.  128. 
A.  II.  609. 

E.  III.  14. 


no 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


elisns;  vid.  c.  infra, 

atque  hie  Priamiden  laniatum  corpore  toto 

Deiphobumt  viditt,  lacerum  crudeliter  ora. 

oppressus;  vid,  disiectus, 

Teucria  cum  magnot  manaret  sanguine  tellus 

et  Simois  Xanthique  liquor,  Sigeaque  praetert 

litora  cum  Troas  saevi  ducist  Hectoris  ira 

funderet  <Rb.  videre  some  mss.  &  edd.  vidi, 

or  vidit  other  mss.>  in  classes  inimicat  mentet 

vulnera  tela  necest  ignist  inferre  paratosf? 

atque  illi  Misenum  in  litore  sicco, 
ut  venere,  vident  indigna  morte  peremptum, 

ille  deum  vitam  accipiet  divisque  videbit 

permixtos  heroas,  et  ipse  videbitur  illis. 

recepHis;  vid,  c.  infra, 

relict  us;  vid,  deserhis, 

unus  abest,  medio  in  fluctu  quem  vidimus  ipsi 

submersum, 

turbatus;  vid.  c.  infra, 


A,  III.  567. 

A.  VI.  495. 
A.  I.  128. 


Pelasgas 
Cu.  309. 

A.  VI.  163. 

E.  IV.  15. 
A.  IX.  780. 
A.  V.  612. 

A.  I.  584. 
A.  XII.  324. 


A.  II.  609. 

A.  IX.  780. 
A.  III.  567. 


c.     Pres,  act.  and  pf.  pass,  particip,: 

Turnus  ut  Aenean  cedentem  ex  agmine  vidit 

turbatos(\nt  duces,  subita  spe  fervidus  ardet.        A.  XII.  324. 

hie,  ubi  disiectas  moles  avolsaquc  saxis 

saxa  vides  mixtoque  undantem  pulvere  fumum, 

Neptunus  muros.    .    .    .  quatit. 

tandemt  ductores  audita  csede  suorum 

eonveniunt  Teueri,  Mnestheus  acerque  Serestus, 

palantis'fque  vident  socios  hostemque  receptum, 

ter  spumam  elisam  ett  rorantia  vidimus  astra. 

7.  With  simple  obj. :     a.  Names  of  persons  and  peoples: 

videt  Iliaeas  ex  ordine  pugnas 
bellaque  iam  fama  totum  volgata  per  orbem, 
Atridas  Priamumque  et  saevom  ambobus  Achillem,  A.  I.  456. 
hie  et  Aloidas'f  geminos  immania  vidi 

corpora.  A.  VI.  582. 

Atridas;  vid.  Achillem,  A.  I.  456. 

monstrat  amor  verust  patriae,  ut  videre  Camillamf. 

A.  XI.  892. 
militia  ex  ilia  diversum  ad  litus  abactit 
Atrides  Protei  Menelaus  ad  usque  columnas 
exulatt,  Aetnaeos  vidit  Cyclopas  Vlixes.  A.  XI.  263. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


Ill 


vidimus,  o  cives,  Diomedef  Argivaque  eastra.       A.  XL  243. 

cum  clamor  ad  auris 
pervenit  ac  videt  Euryalum,  A.  IX.  396. 

Arcades  ipsum 
credunt  set  vidisse  lovem.  A.  VIII.  353. 

vox  quoquet  Moerimt 
iam  fugit  ipsa ;  lupi  Moerim  videre  priores.  E.  IX.  54. 

ipsum  autem  sumptis  Priamnm  iuvenalibus  armis 
ut  vidit,  *quae  mens  tam  dira,  miserrime  coniunx, 

impulit  his  cingi  telis  ?' inquit.  A,  II.  519. 

Priamum;  vid.  Achillem,  *  A!  I.  456. 

*Troiugenas  ac  tela  vides  inimica  Latinis.*  A.  VIII.  117. 

Punica  regna  vides,  Tyrios  et  Agenoris  urbemt.       A.  I.  338. 

b.     Names  of  places: 
invidisse  deos,  patriis  ut  redditus  aris 
coniugium  optatum  et  pulchram  Calydona  viderem? 

A.  XL  270. 
iam  procul  et  fluctut  Salaminiat  suspicitt  arva 

florentesque  videt  iam  Cycladas,  Ci.  471. 

iamque  rubescebat  stellis  Aurora  fugatis, 

cum  procul  obseuros  collis  humilemque  videmus 

Italiam.  A,  III.  522. 

si  tanta  cupidot 
bis  Stygios  innare  lacust,  bis  nigra  videre 
Tartara  .... 
accipe  quae  peragenda  prius. 

effigiemt  Xanthi  Troiamque  videtis, 
quam  vestrae  fecere  manus  melioribus,  opto, 
auspiciis. 

c.    Per  so  nal  pronou  ns : 

nee  sum  adeo  informis :  nuper  me  in  litore  vidi.       E.  11.  25. 

ego  Daphnim 
auspicio,  ille  ubi  me  contra  videt,  'ocius*  inquit 
*huc  ades,  o  Meliboee.'  E.  VII.  8. 


A.  VI.  134. 


A.  III.  497. 


d.     Common    nouns,    demonstratives,    adjectives,    and 

pronouns  referring  to  things: 

aetheria  tum  forte  plaga 'crinitus  Apollo 

desuper  Ausonias  acies  urbemque  videbat. 

nube  sedens.  A.  IX.  639. 


A.  XI.  909. 
A.  XII.  86i. 

A.  V.  634. 


A.  VI.  818. 


G.  III.  182. 


112  The  Plan  and  Scope 

postquam  acics  videt  Iliacas  atque  agmina  Tumi,   .    .    . 
fertque  refertque  sonans  clupeumque  everberat  alis. 

A.  XII.  861. 
act  simult  Aeneas  fumantis  pulvere  campos 
prospexit  longe  Laurentiaque  agmina  vidit, 
et  s3evom  Aenean  adgnovitt  Turnus  in  armis. 
agmina;  vid.  a<:ies, 

nusquamt 
Hectoreos  amnis  Xanthum  et  Simoenta  videbo  ? 
interea  videt  Aeneas  in  valle  reducta 
seclusumt  nemus  et  virgulta  sonantia  silvaet 
Lethaeumque  domos  placidas  qui  praenatat  amnem.  A.  VI.  703. 

vis  et  Tarquinios  reges  animamquG  superbam 
ultoris  Bruti  fascesque  videre  receptos? 

primus  equit  labor  est  animos  atque  arma  videre 
bellantum  lituosque  pati  tractuque  gementem 
ferre  rotam  et  stabulo  frenos  audire  sonantis. 
sol  medium  caeli  conscenderat  igneus  orbem, 
cum  muros  arcemque  procul  act  rara  domorum 
tecta  vident. 
arma;  vid.  animos, 

isque  ubi  Dardanios  habitus  et  Troia  vidit 
'        anna  procul  .... 

sese  ad  litora  praeceps 
cum  fletu  precibusque  tulit. 

*quid,  siquis  caestus  ipsius  et  Herculis  arma 
vidisset  tristemque  hoc  ipso  in  litore  pugnam?' 

at  Danaum  proceres  Agamemnoniaetque  phalanges 
ut  videre  virum  fulgentiaque  aryna  per  umbras, 
ingenti  trepidare  metu. 

laeta  boum  passim  campis  armenta  videmus 
caprigenumque  pecus  nullo  custode  per  herbas. 

et  iuvat  undantem  buxo  spectare  Cytorum 
Naryciaeque  picis  lucos,  iuvat  arva  videre 
non  rastris,  hominum  non  ulli  obnoxia  curae. 
bella;  znd.  Achillem, 
caestus;  vid.  arma, 

iuvat  ire  et  Dorica  castra 
desertosque  videre  locos  litusque  relictum. 

castra  inimica  vides ;  nulla  hinc  exire  potestas. 


A.  VIII.  99. 
G.  III.  182. 


A.  III.  596. 


A.  V.  411. 


A.  VI.  490. 


A.  III.  220. 


G.  II.  438. 
A.  I.  456. 
A.  V.  411. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


"3 


A.  X.  671. 
A.  XI.  243. 


A.  II.  28. 
A.  IX.  739. 


Laurentisne  iterum  muros  aut  castra  videbo? 

castra;  znd.  Diomede, 

accipe  dona  meo  multum  vigilata  labore  .    .    . 

impia  prodigiis  ut  quondam  exterritat  amorist 

Scylla  novos  avium  sublimis  in  aere  coetus 

viserit  <B3ehrens  zdderit  mss.>  et  tenui 

conscendens  siderat  pinnat 

caeruleis  sua  tecta  supert  volitaverit  alis.  Ci.  50. 

collis;  vid.  Italiam,  A.  III.  522. 

coniitgiumque  domumque  patres  natosque  videbit, 

Iliadum  turba  et  Phrygiis  comitata  ministris?        A.  II.  579. 

coniugitim;  znd.  Calydona, 

nee  currus  usquam  videt  aurigamvet  sororem. 

domum;  znd.  coniugium, 

eMgiem;  vid.  Troiam, 

satis  una  superque 
vidimus  excidia  et  captae  superavimus  urbi. 
fasces;  vid.  animam, 

quos  rami  fructus,  quos  ipsa  volentia  rura 
sponte  tulere  sua,  carpsitt,  nee  ferrea  iura 
insanumquet  forum  aut  populi  tabularia  vidit. 
tu  procul  a  patria  (nee  sit  mihi  credere  tantum) 
Alpinas  a !  dura  nives  et  frigora  Rheni 
me  sine  sola  vides. 

finibus  extorris,.complexu  avolsus  luli 
auxilium  imploret  videatque  indigna  suorum 
funera^ 

vel  quae,  Tiberine,  videbis 
ftinera,  cum  tumulum,  praeterlaberet  recentem! 

sat  funeral  fusit 
vidimus  ingentis  et  desolavimust  agros. 

infelix,  nati  funus  crudele  videbis  ? 
habitus;  vid.  arma, 

quocumquet  iret  feruntt  variae  nos  tempora  vitae, 
tangeret  quas  terras  quosquet  videret  homines, 
dispeream,  si  te  fuerit  mihi  carior  alter.      Ca.  IV.  (XIII.)  2. 
hie  vertex  nobis  semper  sublimist ;  at  ilium 
sub  pedibus  Styx  atra  videt  manesque  profundi.       G.  I.  243. 
(ilium  absens  absentem  auditque  videtque).      A.  IV.  83. 


A.  XI.  270. 

A.  XII.  918. 

A.  II.  579. 

A.  III.  497. 

A.  II.  643. 
A.  VI.  818. 


G.  II.  502. 
£.  X.  48- 

A.  IV.  617. 
A.  VI.  873. 

A.  XI.  367. 

A.  XI.  53. 
A.  III.  596. 


ii 

■A 
m 

I 


i 


■M 


1-1! 


114 


il 


A.  I.  308. 
G.  II.  502. 

E.  I.  42. 


A.  XII.  636. 

A.  II.  28. 

A.  II.  28. 

A.  IV.  655. 

A.  VI.  549. 


The  Plan  and  Scope 

Aeneas exire  locosque 

explorare  novos.  quas  vento  accesserit  oras, 

qui  teneajit  (nam  inculta  vidett),  hominesne  feraene, 

quserere  constituit. 

iura;  vid.  forum, 

hie  ilium  vidi  iuvenem,  Meliboee,  quotannis 

bis  senos  cui  nostra  dies  altaria  fumant. 

sed  quis  Olympo 
demissam  tantos  voluit  tet  ferre  labores? 
an  fratris  miseri  letiim  ut  crudele  videres? 
litus;  vid,  castra, 
locos;  vid.  castra, 
urbem  prseclaram  statui,  mea  moenia  vidi. 

respicit  Aeneas :  subito  et  sub  rupe  sinistra 
moenia  lata  videt,  triplici  circumdata  muro. 

hsec  duo  praeterea  disiectis  oppida  muris, 

reliquias  veterumque  vides  monimenta  virorum.  A.  VIII.  356. 

accessi  viridemque  ab  humo  convellere  silvam 

conatus 

horrendum  et  dictut  video  mirabile  monstrum, 

sed  siquis,  quae  mtdta  vides  discrimine  talit, 
siquis  in  adversum  rapiat  casusve  deusve, 
te  superesse  velim. 
muros;  vid.  arcem,  A.  VIII.  99,  also  castra, 

natiimc\\it  in  valle  reducta 
ut  procul  egelidot  secretum  flumine  vidit, 
talibus  adfata  est  dictis. 
natos;  vid.  coniugium, 

nemiis;  vid.  amnem,  • 

nives;  vid.  frigora, 

candidus  insuetum  miratur  limen  Olympi 
sub  pedibusque  videt  nubes  et  sidera  Daphnis. 
oppida;  vid.  monimenta, 
at  vero  ut  voltum  vidit  morientis  et  ora, 
ora  modis  Anchisiades  pallentia  miris, 
ingemuit  miserans  graviter. 
Cocyti  stagna  alta  vides  Stygiamque  pahidem, 
patres;  vid.  coniugium, 
pecus;  vid.  armenta, 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


"5 


A.  III.  26. 


A.  IX.  210. 
A.  X.  671. 


A.  VIII.  610. 

A.  II.  579. 

A.  VI.  703. 

E.  X.  48. 

E.  V.  57. 
A.  VIII.  356. 


A.  X.  821 

A.  VI.  323 

A.  II.  579 
A.  III.  220 


G.  IV.  414. 


A.  II.  5. 


Ca.  II.*  3. 

Ca.  X.  (VIII.)  I. 
•A.  II.  746. 


pugnam;  vid.  arma,  A.  V.  411 ;  pugnas;  vid.  Achillem, 

A.  I.  456. 
sed  quanto  ille  magis  formas  set  vertett  in  omnis, 
tamt  tut,  nate,  magis  contende  tenacia  vinclat, 
donee  talis  erit  mutato  eorpore,  qualem 
videris,  ineepto  tegeret  eum  lumina  somno. 

iubes  renovare  dolorem, 
Troianas  ut  opes  et  lamentabile  regnum 
eruerintt  Danai,  quaeque  ipse  miserrima  vidi 
et  quorum  pars  magna  fui. 
o  quis  nont  referat  talist  divortia  bellit, 
quaef  Troiaet  videre  viri  videreque  Grai.  [bis].  Cu.  305. 

agellulumt  hune,  sinistrat  ett  antet  quem  vides, 
erique  villulamt  hortulumque  pauperis 
tuort  malatque  furist  areeo  manut. 
Sabinus  ille,  quemf  videtis,  hospites, 
ait  fuisse  mulio  eelerrimus. 
aut  quid  in  eversa  vidi  erudelius  urbe? 
ille  mihi  ante  alios  fortunatusque  laborum 
egregiusque  animi,  qui,  ne  quid  tale  videret, 
proeubuit  moriens  et  humum  semelt  ore  memordit.  A.  XL  417. 
reges;  vid.  animam,  \  yj  gjg 

regna;  vid.  Tyrios,  a.  I.  338. 

'tent'  inquit,  'miserande  puer,  eum  laeta  veniret, 
invidit  Fortuna  mihi,  ne  regna  videres 

nostra  neque  ad  sedes  vietor  veherere  patemas  ?'      A.  XL  43. 
reliquias;  vid.  monimenta,  A.  VIII.  356. 

namque  sub  Oebaliae  memini  me  turribus  areist, 
qua  niger  umeetat  flaventia  eulta  Galsesus, 
Coryeium  vidisse  senem,  eui  pauea  relicti 
iugera  rurist  erant. 
sidera;  vid.  nubes, 

ut  vidit  socios,  'tempus  desistere  pugnaet : 
.    .    .    .   '  haee  ait. 
sororem;  vid.  currtis, 
stagna;  vid.  paludem, 
tabularia;  znd.  forum, 
sit  satis  hoc,  tantum  Seyllamt  vidisse  malorum. 


G.  IV.  127. 
E.  V.  57. 


tecta;  vid.  arcem, 
tela;  vid.  Troiugenas, 


A.  X.  441. 

A.  XII.  918. 

A.  VI.  323. 

G.  II.  502. 

Ci.  455. 


A.  VIII.  99. 
A.  VIIL  117. 


ii6 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


"7 


urbem;  vid,  acies,  A.  IX.  639 ;  also  vid,  Tyrios, 
vidimus  obscuris  primam  sub  vallibust  urbem 
venatu  adsiduo  et  totum  cognovimus  amnem. 

et  mihi  iam  multi  crudele  canebant 
artificis  scelus  et  taciti  z/entura  videbant. 
ne  dubita,  nam  vera  vides. 
virgulta;  znd.  amnem, 
virum;  znd.  anna, 
voltum;  znd,  ora, 

invideo  vobis,  agri  formosaque  prata,   .    .    . 
vos  nunc  ilia  videt,  vobist  meat  Lydiat  luditt. 

8.     With  tzvo  ace: 

'        simul  hsec  invisa  relinquam 
lumina  nee  generum  Aenean  captiva  videbo. 
[Arruns]  reducem  ut  patria  alta  videret, 
non  dedit. 

omnia  nunc  rident:  at  si  formonsus  Alexis 
montibus  his  abeatt,  videas  ut  Hximina  sicca. 

neque  m£  indecorem,  germana,  videbis 

amplius. 

namquet  utt  int  setherio  signorum  muneret  praestans, 

unum  quem  duplici  stellatumt  sideret  vidi, 

scorpios  alternist  clarum  fugatt  Orionat. 

haut  aliter  iuvenis  medios  moriturus  in  hostis 

inruit  et,  quat  tela  videt  densissima,  tendit. 

9.     TzAJO  ohj.  and  tzvo  pred.: 

tumt  sciat,  aerias  Alpis  et  Norica  siquis 
castella  in  tumulis  et  lapydist  arva  Timavi 
nunc  quoque  post  tanto  videat  desertaque  regnal 
pastorum  et  longe  saltiis  lateque  vacantist. 


A.  I.  338. 
A.  IX.  244. 

A.  II.  125. 
A.  III.  316. 
A.  VI.  703. 
A.  VI.  490. 

A.  X.  821. 


L.  4. 


A.  XII.  63. 

A.  XI.  797. 

E.  VII.  56. 

A.  XII.  679. 


Ci.  534- 
A.  IX.  555. 


G.  III.  476. 


A.  I.  583. 


10.     Ohj.  and  pred.  and  ace.  and  inf.: 

omnia  tuta  vides,  classem  sociosque  receptos. 
isque  ubi  se  Turni  media  inter  milia  vidit, 
hinc  acies  atque  hinc  acies  adstare  Latinas : 

....  moriturus  in  hostis 
inruit. 

II.     Two  ohj.  and  ace.  and  inf.: 

Eumenidum  veluti  demenst  videt  agmina  Pentheus 

et  solem  geminum  et  duplicis  se  ostendere  Thebas.  A.  IV.  469. 


A.  IX.  549. 


12.     Ohj.  ace.  and  tzvo  ind.  quest,: 
iam  nunc  sollemnist  ducere  pompas 
ad  delubra  iuvat  caesosque  videre  iuvencos, 
vel  scaena  ut  versis  discedat  frontibus  utque 
purpurea  intexti  tollantt  aulaea  Britanni. 


G.  III.  23. 


13.     Simple    ohj.,    also    ohj.    and    particip,:    a.     One 

simp,  ohj.:  , 

vidi  ipse  furentem 
caede  Neoptolemum  geminosque  in  limine  Atridas.  A.  II.  499. 
praestat  Trinacrii  mentas  lustrare  Pachyni   ... 
quam  semel  informem  vasto  vidisse  sub  antro 
Scyllam  et  caeruleis  canibus  resonantia  saxa.        A.  III.  431. 
ut  me  conspexit  venientem  et  Troia  circum 
arma  amens  vidit     .      .      .     deriguit.  A.  III.  307. 

b.  Tzvo  simple  ohj.: 

vidi  Hecubam  centumque  nurus  Priamumque  per  aras 

sanguine  foedantem  quos  ipse  sacraverat  ignis.       A.  II.  501. 

ipse  caput  nivei  fultiim  Pallantis  et  ora 

ut  vidit  levique  patens  in  pectore  volnus 

cuspidis  Ausoniae,  lacrimis  ita  fatur  obortis.  A.  XI.  40. 

c.  Three  simple  ohj.: 
Aeneas  .... 

prospectum  late  pelago  petit,  Anthea  siquem 

iactatum  vento  videat  Phryiasque  biremis 

aut  Capyn  aut  celsis  in  puppibus  arma  Caici. 


14.     Ace.  and  inf.  and  ace.  and  particip. : 

and  one  particip.: 

medium  video  discederet  caelum 
palantisque  polo  Stellas. 


A.  I.  182. 
a.     One  inf. 


A.  IX.  20. 


b.     Tzvo  inf.  and  one  particip.: 

pulsus  ego?  aut  quisquam  merito,  fcedissime,  pulsum 
arguett,  Iliaco  tumidum  qui  crescere  Thybrim 
sanguine  et  Euandri  totam  cum  stirpe  videbit 
procubuisse  domum  atque  exutos  Arcadas  armis  ?  A.  XI.  394. 

quotiens  Cyclopum  effervere  in  agros 
vidimus  undantem  ruptis  fornacibus  Aetnam, 
flammarumque  globos  liquefactaque  volvere  saxa !    G.  I.  472. 


ii8 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


c.     One  inf.  and  two  particip.: 

passim  somno  vinoque  per  herbamt 
corpora  fusa  vident,  arrectos  litore  currus, 
inter  lora  rotasque  viros,  simul  arma  iacere, 
vina  simul. 


A.  IX.  317. 


A.  XII.  2. 


15.     Obj\  and  four  inf.  and  two  particip.: 
[ovem] 

quam  procul  autt  molli  succedere  ssepius  umbrae 
videris  autt  summas  carpentemt  ignaviust  herbas 
extremamque  sequi  aut  medio  procumberet  campo 
pascentem  et  seraet  solam  decedere  nocti, 
continuo  culpam  ferro  compesce.  G.  III.  465. 

16.     Acc.  and  particip.  and  pred.  adj.: 

tum  primum  nostri  Cacum  videre  timentem 
turbatumque  oculist.  A.  VIII.  222. 

17.     Acc.  and  particip.  and  inf.,  also  acc.  and  two  inf.: 
Turnus  ut  infractos  adverso  Marte  Latinos 
defecisse  videt,  sua  nunc  promissa  reposci, 
se  signari  oculist,  ultro  inplacabilis  ardet 
attollitque  animos. 

18.     Acc.  and  inf.  and  particip.: 
[serpentem] 
quem  postquam  vidit  caesum  languescere,  seditt.         Cu.  201. 

vidi  oculos  ante  ipse  meos  me  voce  vocantem 

Murranum   .... 

op  peter  e  ingentem  atque  ingenti  volnere  victum.  A.  XII.  638. 

utque  leo,  specula  cum  vidit  ab  alta 
stare  procul  campis  meditantem  int  proelia  taurum, 
advolat.  A.  X.  454. 

19.     Ohj.,  ohj.  and  particip.,  ohj.  and  pred.: 

urbis  uti  captae  casum  convolsaque  vidit 

limina  tectorum  et  mediumt  in  penetralibus  hostem, 

arma  diu  senior  desueta  trementibus  aevo 

circumdat.  A.  II.  507. 

C.    Particip.:    a.  Pres.\     i.  Nom.  sing,  with  acc.  and  inf.: 

cui  vates,  horrere  videns  iam  colla  colubris, 

melle  soporatam  et  medicatis  frugibus  oflFam 

obicit.  A.  VI.  419. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 

2.     Nom.  sing,  with  simple  obj.: 
quae  Laomedontius  heros 
cuncta  videns  magno  curarum  fluctuat  aestu. 


119 


A.  VIII.  19. 


3.     Nom.  sing.  %mth  ohj.  and  appos.: 
post  aliquot  mea  regna  videns  mirabor  aristas?  E.  I.  69. 

4.     Dat.: 

addit  se  sociamt  timidisque  supervenit  Aegle, 
Aegle,  naiadum  pulcherrima,  iamtque  videnti 
sangnineis  frontem  moris  et  temjiora  pingit.  E.  VI.  21. 

5.    Acc.    a.  Simple  ohj.: 

incensus  et  ipse 
perfurit  ac  multamt  in  medio  sine  nomine  plebem, 
....   Rhcetumt  vigilantem  et  cuncta  videntem.  A.  IX.  345. 


p.  Acc.  and  two  particip.: 
haec  finis  Priami,  fatorum  hie  exitust  ilium 
sorte  tulit,  Troiam  incensam  et  prolapsa  videntem 
Pergama. 

6.     Nom.  plu.  with  simple  obj.: 

ipse  pater  statuit,  quid  menstrua  luna  moneret, 
quo  signo  caderent  austri,  quid  saepe  videntes 
agricolae  propius  stabulis  armenta  tenerent. 


A.  II.  555. 


G.  I.  354. 


b.     Put.:     I.  Nom.  masc.  sing,  with  simple  obj.: 

si  numina  vestra 
incolumem  Pallanta  mihi,  si  fata  reservant, 
SI  visurus  eum  vivot  et  venturus  in  unum: 
vitam  oro.  A.  VIII.  576. 

2.     Nom.  masc.  pi.  with  simple  obj.: 

laeto  complerant  <complebant  M>  litora  coetu 
visuri  Aeneadas,  pars  et  certare  parati.  -       A.  V.  108. 

D.     Substant.:    a.     Absolute:     i.     Gerund: 
carpit  enim  viris  paulatim  uritque  videndo 
femina,  nee  nemorum  patitur  meminisse  nequet  herbaet 
dulcibus  ilia  quidem  inlecebris.  G.  III.  215. 


I20 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


121 


2.     Supine: 

stabat  acuta  silex,  praecisis  undique  saxis 
speluncae  dorso  insurgens,  alfissima  visu. 

[Polyphemus] 

nee  visu  facilis  nee  dictu  aflFabilist  ulli. 

parte  alia  horrendus  visu  quassabat  Etruscam 
pinum  et  fumiferos  infert  Mezentius  ignis, 
id  vero  horrendum  ac  visu  mirabile  ferri. 

turn  dea  nube  cava  tenuem  sine  viribus  umbram 
in  faciem  Aeneae  (visu  mirabile  monstrum) 
Dardaniis  ornat  telis. 

cunctaeque  volucres 
convertunt  clamore  fugam  (mirabile  visut) 
aetheraque  obscurant  pinnis. 

[navis]  tris  Eurus  ab  alto 
in  brevia  et  syrtis  urguet  (miserabile  visu). 

quin  ipsa  arrectis  (visu  miserabile'f)  in  hastis 
prsefigunt  capita. 

et  Metus  et  malesuada  Fames  ac  turpis  Egestas, 
terribilesi  visu  formae. 


A.  VIII.  234. 

A.  III.  621. 

A.  IX.  521. 
A.  VII.  78. 


A.  X.  637. 

A.  XII.  252. 
A.  I.  III. 

A.  IX.  465. 

A.  VI.  277, 


b.     With  obj.:  Gen.  of  gerund  with  three  simple  obj.: 

nee  mihi  iam  patriam  antiquam  spes  ulla  videndi 
nee  duplicis  <P*  dulcis  My>  natos  exoptatumque  parentem. 

A.  II.  137. 

II.    Passive:    A.     Impersonal:    a.      Absolute: 

et  galea  Euryalum  sublustri  noctis  in  umbra 

prodidit  immemorem  radiisque  adversa  refulsit. 

haut  temeret  est  visum.  A.  XI.  375. 


b.     With  dat.: 

cadit  et  Ripheus,  iustissimus  unus 
qui  fuit  in  Teucris  et  servantissimus  aequi 
{dis  aliter  visum). 

quippe  ita  Neptuno  visum  est,  immania  cuius 
armenta  et  turpis  pascit  sub  gurgite  phocas. 

c.     With  infinitive: 
postquam  res  Asiae  Priamique  ez'erteref  gentem 
inmeritam  visum  superis  ... 


A.  II.  428. 
G.  IV.  394. 


diversa  exilia  et  desertas  quaerere  terras 
auguriis  agimur  divom. 

solvite  me,  pueri :  satis  est  potuisse  videri. 

B.     Personal:    a.     Absolute: 
turrim  .... 

eductam  tectis,  unde  omnis  Troia  videri 
et  Danaum  solitae  naves  et  Achaicat  castra, 
....   convellimus  altis  sedibus. 
cum  mihi  se,  non  ante  oculist  tam  clara,  videndam 
obtulit  et  pura  per  noctem  in  luce  refulsit 
alma  parens,  confessa  deam  qualisque  videri 
caelicolis  et  quanta  solet. 

maiorque  videri 
nee  mortale  sonans,  adflata  est  numine  quando 
iam  propiore  dei. 

b.     With  subj.  nom,: 

infelix  simulacrum  atque  ipsius  umbra  Creusae 
visa  mihi  ante  oculos  et  nota  maior  imago, 

ille  deum  vitam  accipiet  divisque  videbit 

permixtos  heroas,  et  ipse  videbitur  illis. 

'mdla  tuarum  audita  mihi  neque  visa  sororum.' 

et  simulacra  modis  pallentia  miris 
visa  sub  obscurum  noctis,  pecudesque  locutae. 


A.  III.  2. 
E.  VI.  24. 


A.  II.  461. 


A.  II.  591. 


A.  VI.  49. 


A.  II.  773. 

E.  IV.  16. 
A.  I.  326. 

G.  I.  478. 


E.  III.  65. 


c.     With  subj,  ace.: 

malo  me  Galatea  petit,  lasciva  puella, 
et  fugit  ad  salices,  et  se  cupit  ante  videri. 

d.     With  comp.:     i.     De: 

haut  procul  hinc  Tarchot  et  Tyrrheni  tuta  tenebant 

castra  locis,  celsoque  omnis  de  colle  videri 

iam  poterat  legio.  A.  VIII.  604. 

2.     With  pres.  act,  inf,: 

(nee  sopor  illud  erat,  sed  coram  adgnoscere  voltus 
velatasque  comas  praesentiaque  ora  videbart).       A.  III.  174. 

nunc  terras  ordine  longo 
aut  cap  ere  aut  captast  iam  respectaret  videntur.       A.  I.  396. 

et  iuxta  genitorem  adstat  Lavinia  virgo, 

visa  (nefas)  longis  comprendere  crinibus  ignem.    A.  VII.  73. 


"I  I 


122 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


iam  mihi  per  rupes  videor  lucosque  sonantis 
ire, 

possunt,  quia  posse  videntur. 

*si  tibi  quae  posco  promittunt  (nam  mihi  facti 
fama  sat  est),  tumulo  videor  reperire  sub  illo 
posse  viam  ad  muros  et  moenia  Pallantea.' 
respectare;  vid.  capere, 

ac  velut  in  somnis,  oculos  ubit  languida  pressit 
nocte  quies,  nequiquam  avidos  extendere  cursus 
velle  videmur  et  in  mediis  conatibus  segri 
succidimus. 


E.  X.  s8. 

A.  V.  231. 


A.  IX.  195. 
A.  I.  396. 


A.  XII.  910. 


3.     With  pf.  act.  inf,  : 

postquam  visa  satis  primos  acuisse  furores 

consiliumque  omnemque  domum  vertisse  Latini, 

protinus  hinc  fuscis  tristis  dea  tollitur  alis.  A.  VII.  406. 

iamque  propinquabam  portis  omnemque  videhar 

evasisse  viam,  subito  cum  creber  ad  auris 

visus  adesse  pedum  sonitus.  A.  II.  730. 

vertisse;  vid,  acuisse,  A.  VII.  406. 


A.  II.  271. 


4.    Nom,  and  inf, :    a.  Pres,  act,: 

in  somnis  ecce  ante  oculos  maestissimus  Hector 
visus  adesse  mihi  largosque  efftmdere  fletus. 

iamque  propinquabam  portis  omnemque  videbar 

evasisse  viam,  subito  cum  creber  ad  auris 

visus  adesse  pedum  sonitus. 

adsurgere;  vid,  c.  infroi, 

quarto  terra  diet  primum  se  attollere  tandemt 

visa,  aperire  procul  montis  ac  volvere  fumum. 

cUtollere;  vid,  aperire, 

huic  deus  ipse  loci  fluvio  Tiberinus  amoeno 

populeas  inter  senior  se  attollere  frondes 

visus. 

effigies  sacrae  divom  Phr3^giique  penates, 

quos  mecum  abt  Troiat  mediisque  ex  ignibus  urbis 

extuleram,  visi  ante  oculos  astare  iacentis 

in  somnis.  A.  III.  150. 

ultro  flens  ipse  videbar 
compellare  virum  et  maestas  expromere  voces.        A.  II.  279. 


A.  II.  732. 
G.  III.  108. 

A.  III.  206. 
A.  III.  206. 


A.  VIII.  33. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


123 


consider e;  vid,  c.  infra,  A.  II.  624. 

nam  mihi  Cassandrae  per  somnum  vatis  imago 

ardentis  dare  visa  faces.  A.  V.  637. 

ipsa  videbatur  ventis  regina  vocatis 

vela  dare  et  laxos  iam  iamque  inmittere  funis.     A.  VIII.  707. 

nam  neque  adhuc  Variot  videor  nee  dicer e  Cinna 


E.  IX.  35. 
A.  II.  271. 

A.  V.  722. 

A.  II.  279. 

A.  II.  682. 
A.  VIII.  707. 
.  A.  IV.  467. 

A.  IV.  557. 


digna,  sed  argutos  inter  strepere  anser  olores. 

efftmdere;  znd.  adesse, 

visa  dehinc  caelo  facies  delapsa  parentis 

Anchisae  subito  talis  effufidere  voces. 

expromere ;  vid,  compellare, 

ecce  levis  summo  de  vertice  visus  luli 

fundere  lument  apex. 

inmitere;  vid,  dare, 

ire;  vid,  c.  infra, 

huic  se  forma  dei  voltu  redeuntis  eodem 

obtulit  in  somnis  rursusque  itat  visa  monerest, 

ab  aethere  fulgor 
cum  sonitu  venit,  et  ruere  omnia  visa  repente 
Tyrrhenusque  tubae  mugire  per  aethera  clangor.  A.  VIII.  525. 
qua  visa  est  Fortuna  pati  Parcaeque  sinebant 
cedere  res  Latio. 
quaerere;  vid,  c.  infra, 
ruere;  vid,  mugire, 
strepere;  vid,  dicere, 

hie  primum  nova  lux  oculis  oflFulsit  et  ingens 
visus  ab  Aurora  caelum  transcurrere  nimbus 
Idaeique  chori. 

vix  ea  fatus  eramt :  tremere  omnia  visa  repente, 
liminaque  laurusque  dei. 

iuga  ccepta  moveri 
silvarum  visaeque  canes  ululare  per  umbram 
adventante  dea. 
voh^ere;  vid,  aperire, 

b.  Pres,  pass,: 

hinc  exaudiri  voces  et  verba  vocantis 
visa  viri,  nox  cum  terras  obscura  teneret. 

c.  Pres,  act,  and  pres,  pass, : 

iamque  humiles,  iamque  elati  sublime  videntur 
aera  per  vacuum  ferri  atque  adsurgere  in  auras. 


A.  XII.  147. 

A.  IV.  467. 

A.  VIII.  525. 

E.  IX.  35. 


A.  IX.  III. 


A.  III.  90. 


A.  VI.  257. 
A.  III.  206. 


A.  IV.  461. 


G.  III.  108. 


124 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


turn  vero  omne  mihi  visum  consider e  in  ignis 
Ilium  et  e^  imo  verti  Neptunia  Troia. 

semperque  relinqui 
sola  sibi,  semper  longamt  incomitata  videtur 
ire  viam  et  Tyrios  deserta  quaerere  terra. 


A.  II.  624. 


A.  IV.  467. 


5.     With  pred,  nom.: 

immo  ego  Sardoniis  videart  tibi  amarior  herbis,  , 

horridior  rusco,  proiecta  vilior  alga, 

si  mihi  non  haec  lux  toto  iam  longior  annotst. 

*siquis  mihi  parvolus  aula 
luderet  Aeneas,  qui  te  tamen  ore  referret, 
non  equidem  omnino  capta  ac  deserta  viderer.' 
desertiis;  vid.  captus, 

verum  ubi  ductores  acie  revocaveris  ambot, 
deterior  qui  visus,  eum,  ne  prodigus  obsit, 
dede  neci;  melior  vacua  sine  regnet  in  aula. 
horridus;  vid.  amartis, 

haec  dum  Dardanio  Aeneae  miratida  videntur,  . 
regina  ad  templum,  forma  pulcherrima  Dido, 
incessit. 
vilis;  vid.  amaricSj 


E.  VII.  41. 


A.  IV.  330. 
A.  IV.  330. 


G.  IV.  89. 
E.  VII.  41. 


A.  I.  494. 
E.  VII.  41. 


G.  III.  510. 


6.     Subj.  nom.  and  pred.  nom.: 

profuit  insertot  latices  infundere  comu 
Lenaeos :  ea  visa  salust  morientibus  una. 

fugiuntque  notos  clamore  secundo. 
at  Rutulo  regi  ducibusque  ea^  mira  videri 
Ausoniis,  donee  versas  ad  litorat  puppes 
respiciunt  totumque  adlabi  classibus  aequor.  A.  X.  267. 

ipsae  iam  matres,  ipsi,  quibus  aspera  quondam 

visa  maris  fades  et  non  tolerabile  noment, 

ire  volunt.  A.  V.  768. 

nimium  vobis  Romana  propago 
visa  potens,  superi,  propria  haec  si  dona  fuissent.  A.  VI.  871. 
at  vero  Rutulis  inpar  ea  pugna  videri 

iandudum  et  vario  misceri  pectora  motu.  A.  XII.  216. 

haec  altemanti  potior  sententia  visa  est.  A.  IV.  287. 

7.     Nom.  and  pred.  nom.  and  tivo  inf.: 
nam  neque  tum  stellis  acies  obtunsa  videtur, 
nee  fratris  radiis  obnoxia  surgere  Luna, 
tenuiat  nee  lanae  per  caelum  vellera  ferri.  G.  I.  395. 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


125 


C.    Particip:    a.    Perf.: 


visa: 


Irim  de  caelo  misit  Satumia  luno  .    .    . 
nulH  visa  cito  decurrit  tramite  virgo. 
visum: 

ille  admirans  venerabile  donum 
fatalis  virgae,  longo  post  tempore  visum, 
caeruleam  advertit  puppimt. 

viso : 

ocius  ensem 
Aeneas,  viso  Tyrrheni  sanguine  -laetus, 
eripit  a  femine. 


A.  V.  610. 


A.  VI.  409. 


A.  X.  787. 


b.     Gerundive: 

cum  mihi  se,  non  ante  oculist  tam  clara,  videndam 

obtulit  et  pura  per  noctem  in  luce  refulsit 

alma  parens.  A.  II.  589. 


III.     Modifiers;  Adverbs  (40)  : 

adhuc,  E.  IX.  35;  aliter,  A.  II.  428;  amplius,  A.  XII.  680; 
ante,  E.  III.  65 ;  bis,  A.  VI.  134;  circum,  Ci.  80;  contra,  E.  VII. 
8;  dehinc,  A.  V.  722;  desuper,  A.  IX.  639;  equidem,  G.  I.  193, 
A.  IV.  330;  forte,  A.  IX.  638;  hie,  E.  I.  42,  A.  III.  537,  VI. 
494,  582 ;  interea,  A.  VI.  703 ;  ita,  G.  IV.  394,  A.  IV.  557 ;  iterum, 
G.  I.  490,  A.  X.  671;  iam,  E.  X.  58,  A.  XII.  407;  iandudum, 
A.  XII.  217;  non,  E.  III.  17;  G.  I.  56,  III.  103,  250,  A.  IX. 
144,  Ca.  XII.  (IV.)  4;  nimium,  A.  VI.  870;  numquam,  Ci.  510; 
nunc,  G.  III.  476,  A.  I.  395,  X.  674,  XII.  149,  810,  L.  4;  nuper, 
E.  II.  25;  nusquam,  A.  V.  633;  passim,  A.  III.  220,  VIII.  360; 
post,  E.  I.  69 ;  primum,  A.  III.  205,  VIII.  222 ;  procul,  E.  I.  76, 
A.  III.  522,  597,  VIII.  98,  610;  quippe,  G.  IV.  394;  quondam, 
A.  V.  767,  Ci.  48;  quotiens,  G.  I.  471;  repente,  A.  III.  90, 
VIII.  525 ;  s«pe,  E.  VIII.  97,  98,  G.  I.  354,  365,  3^8,  45i»  H.  32; 
semper,  A.  IV.  467;  semel,  A.  III.  431,  VI.  487;  subito,  A.  VL 
548;  tandem,  A.  III.  205 ;  temere,  A.  IX.  375 ;  tum,  E.  VI.  27,  28, 
G.  I.  395,  A.  II.  624,  VIII.  222,  IX.  638;  ultro,  A.  II.  279; 
usquam,  A.  XII.  918. 


126 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


XI.  Remarks 
on  the  verbs 
given  above. 


ON  THE  VERBS  GIVEN  ABOVE. 

The  arrangement  of  the  examples  of  scindere  given  above 
is  beheved  to  be  simple  and  easy  to  follow.     The  forms  of  the 

active  voice  are  given  first.     All  of  these  are 

followed  by  a  simple  object  or  by  a  reflexive 

pronoun.     Next    come    the    examples    of    the 

passive  voice,  all  three  of  which  have  subject 

nominatives.     Finally,  the  participles  are  given. 

This  arrangement  will  be  followed  in  the  case  of  all  similar  verbs, 

since  from  it  one  can  readily  find  whether  Vergil  has,  or  does 

not  have,  any  usage  for  which  he  is  looking. 

Proscindere  is  given  in  this  specimen  out  of  its  alphabetical 
order,  to  bring  it  into  connection  with  the  simple  verb.  In  the 
lexicon,  of  course,  it  will  come  in  its  proper  place;  but  all  com- 
pounds will  be  enumerated  under  the  simple  verbs. 

Some  of  the  facts  brought  out  by  the  table  with  which  the 
videre  article  begins  may  be  interesting.  For  instance,  the  present 
and  perfect  active  indicative  together  are  used  155  times,  which 
is  more  than  half  of  the  whole  number  of  occurrences  of  this 
word.  Also  the  perf.  3d.  pi.  in  -ere,  is  used  fifteen  times,  while 
the  tndmg-erunt  occurs  only  four  times.  The  imperfect  of  the 
verb  is  rare  and  the  examples  of  the  subjunctive  of  this  tense 
slightly  outnumber  those  of  the  indicative.  The  future  perfect 
occurs  but  three  times,  while  the  pluperfect  occurs  but  once  and 
this  example  is  in  the  subjunctive. 

In  the  arrangement  of  the  examples  diflFering  from  Merguet, 
I  have  put  the  verbal  uses  first  and  the  substantive  uses  at  the  end. 
The  most  interesting  fact  about  Vergil's  use  of  videre  is  the 
great  variety  of  constructions  which  he  allows  after  it.  The  abso- 
lute uses,  either  in  parenthesis  or  with  object  implied,  are  not 
remarkable.  The  number  of  examples  is  small.  This  is  also  true 
of  the  first  four  subdivisions  "with  complement,*'  though  we 
may  wonder  why  the  poet  in  G.  III.  250  has  nonne  vides  followed 
by  the  subjunctive,  while  in  G.  I.  56  the  same  expression  takes 
the  indicative.  However,  in  this  latter  passage  the  reading  mittit 
is  uncertain  and  in  the  Medicean  has  been  corrected  to  mittat. 

With  5.  we  begin  to  see  the  great  variety  of  constructions 
after  videre.  We  find  it  followed  by  one  infinitive  in  the  present 
active,  also  by  two,  three,  or  four  infinitives  in  the  same  tense. 
It  is  followed  by  the  present  passive  infinitive,  sometimes  by  one 


OF  A  Vergil  Lexicon. 


127 


and  sometimes  by  more,  by  the  perfect  infinitive  and  by  various 
combinations  of  most  of  these. 

The  participle  constructions  are  almost  as  varied  as  those  of 
the  infinitive.  So,  too,  of  the  simple  objects.  Videre  is  followed 
by  one  object,  by  two  objects,  or  by  a  greater  number. 

It  is  followed  at  the  same  time  by  proper  nouns  and  common 
nouns.  Then  come  various  combinations  of  two  objects,  objects 
and  predicates,  object  and  predicate  and  accusative  and  infinitive, 
object  and  indirect  questions,  simple  object  and  object  and  par- 
ticiple, accusative  and  infinitive  and  accusative  and  participle, 
object  and  four  infinitives  and  two  •  participles,  accusative  and 
participle  and  predicate  adjective,  accusative  and  participle  and 
infinitive,  also  accusative  and  two  infinitives,  and  finally  an  object 
with  object  and  participle  and  object  and  predicate.  In  what 
other  author  can  we  find  so  great  a  variety  of  constructions  ? 

At  first  I  thought  of  making  a  separate  class  for  videre,  fol- 
lowed by  one  present  active  infinitive,  by  two  present  active  in- 
finitives, and  so  for  the  others.  This  would  have  required  a  great 
many  subdivisions;  but,  more  than  this,  it  makes  no  difference 
with  the  meaning  of  zidere,  which  it  is  our  purpose  to  discover, 
whether  it  is  followed  by  one  infinitive  or  by  four,  by  one  simple 
object  or  by  several  objects.  However,  the  construction,  for 
instance,  with  an  active  infinitive  differs  slightly  from  that  with 
a  passive  infinitive  or  with  a  perfect,  so  these  subdivisions  are 
retained. 

Under  the  infinitives  and  participles,  as  well  as  under  the 
substantives  used  as  objects,  in  case  the  verb  is  followed  by  more 
than  one  I  have  given  the  quotation  under  the  infinitive,  participle, 
or  object  in  alphabetical  order,  and  then  I  have  referred  to  the 
quotation  in  the  proper  place  or  places  below. 

To  this  I  must  make  the  following  exceptions.     In  case  the 
quotation  contains  a  proper  noun  and  also  one  or  more  common 
nouns,  I  have  given  the  quotation  under  the  proper  noun  and 
referred   to   it   under   the   common    noun,    without   considering 
whether  the  proper  noun  is  first  alphabetically  or  not.     Also  in 
the  participles  used  after  videre,  having  mad^  ;a  .separate  cl^^  of, 
those  examples  in  which  we  find  a  combinatioti/of^tK^/prfe^^p 
and  the  perfect  and  having  put  this  class  at  the  end  of  that  section 
of  the  article  dealing  with  participles,  I  have  gwnitW'iiartlcipflieji 
m  their  proper  places  and  I  have  referred  'for  t\it  quotaftioft  to* 
the  subdivision  below.     Thus  "unda4is,  vid,  Cf  tn/ray  .A.  •11.  6oQ.*t. 

•  '  »     U     •      %    I  n  »-'     ,    • 

•  ••••.••  •     •       •  •" 


•  «  • 


•    4      • 


•••      •••*       •••         •«• 


128 


The  Plan  and  Scope 


The  same  statement  applies  to  a  similar  combination  of  infinitives. 
That  is,  I  have  made  a  separate  subdivision  for  zndere  followed 
by  the  "present  active  and  the  present  passive,"  but  above  in  their 
proper  places  these  infinitives  are  all  given  with  a  reference  for 
the  quotation  to  a  subdivision  below.  Thus,  "tradiicere,  znd.  c. 
infra,  E.  VIII.  99."  With  these  exceptions,  the  references  are 
always  to  quotations  previously  given. 

After  these  uses  of  zndere,  I  have  given  its  participles,  as  was 
done  in  the  case  of  scindere.  The  participles  are  few  in  number 
and  the  constructions  after  them  are  simple. 

Then  follow  the  substantive  uses,  as  stated  above,  all  of  which 
are  gerunds  and  supines.     These  are  also  simple  in  construction. 

The  passive  of  zndere  is  comparatively  rare.  There  are  only 
59  examples,  while  there  are  237  of  the  active.  Here  also,  as  in 
the  active,  most  of  the  forms  are  in  the  present  and  perfect.  These 
two  tenses  have  forty  of  the  fifty-nine  passive  forms.  No  plu- 
perfect or  future  perfect  occurs  and  there  are  only  two  sub- 
junctives. The  method  of  arrangement  does  not  diflFer  in  any 
important  respect  from  the  method  employed  in  the  active  voice. 


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